महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-6, verse-11

तेषां निशम्येङ्गितानि युद्धे प्राणाञ्जुहूषताम् ।
समुद्वीक्ष्य मुखं राज्ञो बालार्कसमवर्चसः ।
आचार्यपुत्रो मेधावी वाक्यज्ञो वाक्यमाददे ॥११॥

11. teṣāṁ niśamyeṅgitāni yuddhe prāṇāñjuhūṣatām ,
samudvīkṣya mukhaṁ rājño bālārkasamavarcasaḥ ,
ācāryaputro medhāvī vākyajño vākyamādade.

11. teṣām niśamya iṅgitāni yuddhe prāṇān
juhūṣatām samadvīkṣya mukham
rājñaḥ bālārkasamavarcasaḥ ācāryaputraḥ
medhāvī vākyajñaḥ vākyam ādade

11. teṣām yuddhe prāṇān juhūṣatām iṅgitāni niśamya,
bālārkasamavarcasaḥ rājñaḥ mukham samadvīkṣya,
medhāvī vākyajñaḥ ācāryaputraḥ vākyam ādade

11. Hearing their intentions, those who desired to sacrifice their lives in battle, and observing the face of the king, whose radiance was like the rising sun, the intelligent preceptor's son, skilled in speech, then spoke words.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (who desired to sacrifice their lives) (of them, to them, their)

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, perceiving (having heard, perceiving, observing)

• इङ्गितानि (iṅgitāni) - intentions, signs (of readiness for battle) (gestures, signs, intentions, movements)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war, for battle)

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives (lives, breaths, vital airs)

• जुहूषताम् (juhūṣatām) - of those wishing to offer their lives (of those desiring to sacrifice)

• समद्वीक्ष्य (samadvīkṣya) - having observed (having observed, having seen, having perceived)

• मुखम् (mukham) - face (face, mouth, opening, front)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king (Duryodhana, implicitly) (of the king)

• बालार्कसमवर्चसः (bālārkasamavarcasaḥ) - whose radiance was like the rising sun (whose splendor is like the rising sun, having the brilliance of the morning sun)

• आचार्यपुत्रः (ācāryaputraḥ) - the preceptor's son (Aśvatthāmā, implicitly) (son of the preceptor, preceptor's son)

• मेधावी (medhāvī) - intelligent (intelligent, wise, sagacious)

• वाक्यज्ञः (vākyajñaḥ) - skilled in speech (skilled in speech, knowing words, eloquent)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, a statement (word, speech, statement)

• आददे (ādade) - he spoke, he uttered (he took up, he spoke, he accepted)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (who desired to sacrifice their lives) (of them, to them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the warriors.

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, perceiving (having heard, perceiving, observing)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From root śam (to hear, perceive) with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

Note: Gerund/absolutive form.

इङ्गितानि (iṅgitāni) - intentions, signs (of readiness for battle) (gestures, signs, intentions, movements)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of iṅgita

iṅgita - gesture, sign, hint, intention

past passive participle

From root iṅg (to move, shake, hint).

Root: iṅg (class 1)

Note: Used here in the sense of 'intentions'.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war, for battle)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh (class 4)

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives (lives, breaths, vital airs)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life, vital air

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

जुहूषताम् (juhūṣatām) - of those wishing to offer their lives (of those desiring to sacrifice)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of juhūṣat

juhūṣat - desiring to sacrifice, wishing to offer

desiderative present participle

Desiderative of root hu (to sacrifice, offer) in present participle form.

Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'teṣām' implicitly.

समद्वीक्ष्य (samadvīkṣya) - having observed (having observed, having seen, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From root īkṣ (to see, look) with prefixes sam- and ud-.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Gerund/absolutive form.

मुखम् (mukham) - face (face, mouth, opening, front)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - face, mouth, front

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king (Duryodhana, implicitly) (of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

बालार्कसमवर्चसः (bālārkasamavarcasaḥ) - whose radiance was like the rising sun (whose splendor is like the rising sun, having the brilliance of the morning sun)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bālārkasamavarcas

bālārkasamavarcas - having splendor like the rising sun

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bālārka+sama+varcas)

• bālārka – rising sun, young sun
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: bāla (young) + arka (sun).
• sama – like, equal, similar
  adjective
• varcas – splendor, brilliance, energy
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'rājñaḥ'.

आचार्यपुत्रः (ācāryaputraḥ) - the preceptor's son (Aśvatthāmā, implicitly) (son of the preceptor, preceptor's son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācāryaputra

ācāryaputra - son of the preceptor

Compound: ācārya (preceptor) + putra (son).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ācārya+putra)

• ācārya – preceptor, teacher, guru
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Aśvatthāmā.

मेधावी (medhāvī) - intelligent (intelligent, wise, sagacious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of medhāvin

medhāvin - intelligent, sagacious, wise

Possessive adjective from medhā (intellect).

Note: Qualifies 'ācāryaputraḥ'.

वाक्यज्ञः (vākyajñaḥ) - skilled in speech (skilled in speech, knowing words, eloquent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vākyajña

vākyajña - skilled in speech, knowing words, eloquent

Compound: vākya (speech) + jña (knower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vākya+jña)

• vākya – speech, sentence, statement
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'ācāryaputraḥ'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, a statement (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, sentence, statement

Note: Object of 'ādade'.

आददे (ādade) - he spoke, he uttered (he took up, he spoke, he accepted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of dā

perfect tense, middle voice

From root dā (to give/take) with prefix ā- (to take, accept). Reduplicated perfect (Lit), 3rd person singular, middle voice.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Often used in the sense of 'to utter' or 'to deliver' speech when combined with vākya.