महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-6, verse-23

न्यस्तशस्त्रे च भवति हतो भीष्मः पितामहः ।
शिखण्डिनं पुरस्कृत्य फल्गुनेन महाहवे ॥२३॥

23. nyastaśastre ca bhavati hato bhīṣmaḥ pitāmahaḥ ,
śikhaṇḍinaṁ puraskṛtya phalgunena mahāhave.

23. nyastaśastre ca bhavati hataḥ bhīṣmaḥ pitāmahaḥ
śikhaṇḍinam puraskṛtya phalgunena mahāhave

23. mahāhave ca nyastaśastre pitāmahaḥ bhīṣmaḥ
śikhaṇḍinam puraskṛtya phalgunena hataḥ bhavati

23. And so, in that great battle, the grandfather Bhishma, having laid down his weapons, was killed by Arjuna, who had placed Shikhandin in front.

Words meanings summery:

• न्यस्तशस्त्रे (nyastaśastre) - Bhishma, who had laid down his weapons (with weapons laid down, one who has abandoned weapons)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• भवति (bhavati) - is (is, becomes, exists)

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed (killed, slain, struck down)

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (Bhishma (proper noun))

• पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - paternal grandfather (referring to Bhishma) (paternal grandfather, ancestor, Brahma (the creator god))

• शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandin (Shikhandin (proper noun))

• पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed in front (having placed in front, having honored, having made prominent)

• फल्गुनेन (phalgunena) - by Arjuna (by Arjuna, by Phalguna)

• महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle (in a great battle, in a major war)

Words meanings and morphology

न्यस्तशस्त्रे (nyastaśastre) - Bhishma, who had laid down his weapons (with weapons laid down, one who has abandoned weapons)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nyastaśastra

nyastaśastra - one who has laid down weapons, unarmed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nyasta+śastra)

• nyasta – laid down, thrown down, placed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √as (to throw) with prefix ni.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: as (class 4)
• śastra – weapon, instrument, sword
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śas

Note: Refers to Bhishma, in a locative absolute construction with 'bhavati hataḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

भवति (bhavati) - is (is, becomes, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

present indicative active 3rd singular

Parasmaipada, Present Tense.

Root: bhū (class 1)

हतः (hataḥ) - killed (killed, slain, struck down)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root √han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for Bhishma.

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (Bhishma (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a name); terrible, formidable

Note: Subject of the sentence.

पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - paternal grandfather (referring to Bhishma) (paternal grandfather, ancestor, Brahma (the creator god))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, ancestor, Brahma

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+mahat)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective
  Often shortened to 'maha' in compounds.

Note: Appositive to Bhishma.

शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandin (Shikhandin (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - one having a crest/tuft; a specific character in the Mahabharata

Note: Object of puraskṛtya.

पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed in front (having placed in front, having honored, having made prominent)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From root √kṛ (to do, make) with prefix puras.

Prefix: puras

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies the action of Arjuna.

फल्गुनेन (phalgunena) - by Arjuna (by Arjuna, by Phalguna)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (a name); a lunar month; red-coloured

Note: Agent of the action of killing.

महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle (in a great battle, in a major war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāhava

mahāhava - great battle, major war

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+āhava)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective
• āhava – battle, war, challenge, invitation
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √hu (to call, invoke, offer) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Refers to the Kurukshetra war.