महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-38, verse-41

धृष्टद्युम्नस्तु बलवाञ्जित्वा शत्रुं महारथम् ।
कौरवान्समरे तूर्णं वारयामास सायकैः ॥४१॥

41. dhṛṣṭadyumnastu balavāñjitvā śatruṁ mahāratham ,
kauravānsamare tūrṇaṁ vārayāmāsa sāyakaiḥ.

41. dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ tu balavān jitvā śatrum mahāratham
kauravān samare tūrṇam vārayāmāsa sāyakaiḥ

41. tu balavān dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ mahāratham śatrum
jitvā samare tūrṇam sāyakaiḥ kauravān vārayāmāsa

41. The mighty Dhṛṣṭadyumna, having defeated the great warrior who was his enemy, swiftly restrained the Kauravas in battle with his arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (Dhṛṣṭadyumna (proper noun))

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, and)

• बलवान् (balavān) - mighty (powerful, strong, mighty)

• जित्वा (jitvā) - having defeated (having conquered, having won)

• शत्रुम् (śatrum) - enemy (enemy, adversary)

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - great warrior (referring to the enemy, Kṛtavarmā) (great warrior, one with a great chariot)

• कौरवान् (kauravān) - the Kauravas (the Kauravas, descendants of Kuru)

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly (swiftly, quickly, rapidly)

• वारयामास (vārayāmāsa) - restrained (restrained, prevented, stopped)

• सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - by arrows (by arrows, by missiles)

Words meanings and morphology

धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (Dhṛṣṭadyumna (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (proper name, son of Drupada)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often a particle for emphasis or transition.

बलवान् (balavān) - mighty (powerful, strong, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balavat

balavat - powerful, strong, mighty, endowed with strength

Suffixed with -vat to 'bala' (strength). Nominative singular masculine.

Note: Agrees with Dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ.

जित्वा (jitvā) - having defeated (having conquered, having won)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form from root ji

Root: ji (class 1)

शत्रुम् (śatrum) - enemy (enemy, adversary)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

Note: Object of jitvā.

महारथम् (mahāratham) - great warrior (referring to the enemy, Kṛtavarmā) (great warrior, one with a great chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, one who fights from a great chariot

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to 'śatrum'.

कौरवान् (kauravān) - the Kauravas (the Kauravas, descendants of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - a descendant of Kuru, the Kauravas

Patronymic from Kuru

Note: Object of vārayāmāsa.

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

Note: Place of action.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly (swiftly, quickly, rapidly)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from root tvar (to hasten), used as an adverb.

Root: tvar (class 1)

वारयामास (vārayāmāsa) - restrained (restrained, prevented, stopped)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vārayāmāsa

Perfect (Causative)

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of the causative stem vārayati (from root vṛ)

Root: vṛ (class 10)

Note: Periphrastic perfect, formed with 'āmāsa'.

सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - by arrows (by arrows, by missiles)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow, dart, missile

Note: Instrument of restraining.