महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-38, verse-12

कृपेण छादितं दृष्ट्वा नृपोत्तम शिखण्डिनम् ।
प्रत्युद्ययौ कृपं तूर्णं धृष्टद्युम्नो महारथः ॥१२॥

12. kṛpeṇa chāditaṁ dṛṣṭvā nṛpottama śikhaṇḍinam ,
pratyudyayau kṛpaṁ tūrṇaṁ dhṛṣṭadyumno mahārathaḥ.

12. kṛpeṇa chāditam dṛṣṭvā nṛpottama śikhaṇḍinam prati
ud yayau kṛpam tūrṇam dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ mahārathaḥ

12. nṛpottama kṛpeṇa chāditam śikhaṇḍinam dṛṣṭvā
mahārathaḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ tūrṇam kṛpam prati ud yayau

12. O best of kings, seeing Shikhandi covered by Kripa, the great charioteer Dhṛṣṭadyumna swiftly advanced against Kripa.

Words meanings summery:

• कृपेण (kṛpeṇa) - by Kripa

• छादितम् (chāditam) - covered, enveloped

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

• नृपोत्तम (nṛpottama) - O best of kings

• शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandi

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against

• उद् (ud) - up, forth, away

• ययौ (yayau) - went, advanced

• कृपम् (kṛpam) - Kripa

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly, quickly

• धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, warrior of great might

Words meanings and morphology

कृपेण (kṛpeṇa) - by Kripa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kripa (a revered guru and warrior in the Mahabharata)

छादितम् (chāditam) - covered, enveloped

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of chādita

chādita - covered, concealed, obscured

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of the causative root chādaya- from chad

Root: chad (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) form of root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

नृपोत्तम (nṛpottama) - O best of kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpottama

nṛpottama - best of kings, most excellent king

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+uttama)

• nṛpa – king, protector of men
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandi

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Shikhandi (a warrior in the Mahabharata)

प्रति (prati) - towards, against

(indeclinable)

उद् (ud) - up, forth, away

(indeclinable)

ययौ (yayau) - went, advanced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

कृपम् (kṛpam) - Kripa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kripa (a revered guru and warrior in the Mahabharata)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly, quickly

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tūrṇa

tūrṇa - quick, swift, rapid

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root tvar (to hasten). Used adverbially.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially.

धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (a prominent warrior in the Mahabharata, son of Drupada)

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, warrior of great might

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, a warrior who can fight ten thousand archers at once

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, a warrior (who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)