महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-38, verse-30

तस्मिन्हते महाराज त्रस्तास्तस्य पदानुगाः ।
गौतमं समरे त्यक्त्वा दुद्रुवुस्ते दिशो दश ॥३०॥

30. tasminhate mahārāja trastāstasya padānugāḥ ,
gautamaṁ samare tyaktvā dudruvuste diśo daśa.

30. tasmin hate mahārāja trastāḥ tasya padānugāḥ
gautamam samare tyaktvā dudruvuḥ te diśaḥ daśa

30. mahārāja,
tasmin hate,
tasya padānugāḥ trastāḥ te gautamam samare tyaktvā daśa diśaḥ dudruvuḥ

30. O great king, when he was slain, his terrified followers abandoned Gautama (Kṛpācārya) on the battlefield and fled in all ten directions.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that (person, i.e., Droṇa) (in that, to him, when that)

• हते (hate) - when he was slain (killed, slain, struck)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (great king)

• त्रस्ताः (trastāḥ) - terrified (terrified, frightened, scared)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (i.e., Droṇa's) (his, of him, of that)

• पदानुगाः (padānugāḥ) - followers (followers, attendants)

• गौतमम् (gautamam) - Gautama (Kṛpācārya) (Gautama, son of Gotama)

• समरे (samare) - on the battlefield (in battle, on the battlefield)

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having left, having given up)

• दुद्रुवुः (dudruvuḥ) - they fled (they fled, they ran away)

• ते (te) - they (the followers) (they)

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (directions, quarters of the sky)

• दश (daśa) - ten

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that (person, i.e., Droṇa) (in that, to him, when that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Droṇa, whose death is the context.

हते (hate) - when he was slain (killed, slain, struck)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed, struck

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

त्रस्ताः (trastāḥ) - terrified (terrified, frightened, scared)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of trasta

trasta - terrified, frightened, scared

Past Passive Participle

From root tras (to tremble, be frightened)

Root: tras (class 1)

Note: Qualifies "padānugāḥ".

तस्य (tasya) - his (i.e., Droṇa's) (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Droṇa.

पदानुगाः (padānugāḥ) - followers (followers, attendants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of padānuga

padānuga - follower, attendant, accompanying

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pada+anuga)

• pada – foot, step, trace, word, position
  noun (neuter)
• anuga – following, follower, going after
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of "dudruvuḥ".

गौतमम् (gautamam) - Gautama (Kṛpācārya) (Gautama, son of Gotama)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - descendant of Gotama, a specific sage (e.g. Kṛpācārya, Buddha)

Note: Object of "tyaktvā".

समरे (samare) - on the battlefield (in battle, on the battlefield)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having left, having given up)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root tyaj (to abandon) + -ktvā suffix

Root: tyaj (class 1)

दुद्रुवुः (dudruvuḥ) - they fled (they fled, they ran away)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of dudruvu

Perfect Tense, 3rd Person Plural

Reduplicated root dru (dudru) in perfect tense

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

ते (te) - they (the followers) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to "padānugāḥ".

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (directions, quarters of the sky)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Note: Object of implied motion.

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

Note: Adjective to "diśaḥ".