महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-38, verse-23

दृष्ट्वाविषह्यं तं युद्धे ब्राह्मणं चरितव्रतम् ।
अपयातस्ततस्तूर्णं शिखण्डी राजसत्तम ॥२३॥

23. dṛṣṭvāviṣahyaṁ taṁ yuddhe brāhmaṇaṁ caritavratam ,
apayātastatastūrṇaṁ śikhaṇḍī rājasattama.

23. dṛṣṭvā aviṣahyam tam yuddhe brāhmaṇam caritavratam
apayātaḥ tatas tūrṇam śikhaṇḍī rājasattama

23. rājasattama śikhaṇḍī yuddhe aviṣahyam tam
brāhmaṇam caritavratam dṛṣṭvā tatas tūrṇam apayātaḥ

23. Having seen that irresistible brahmin (Droṇa) of steadfast vows in battle, Shikhaṇḍī quickly retreated from there, O best of kings.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• अविषह्यम् (aviṣahyam) - irresistible, unconquerable

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - the revered preceptor Droṇa (a brahmin)

• चरितव्रतम् (caritavratam) - one who has performed his vows, of steadfast vows

• अपयातः (apayātaḥ) - departed, retreated, gone away

• ततस् (tatas) - from there, thence

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Shikhaṇḍī (proper name)

• राजसत्तम (rājasattama) - O best of kings

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Ktva)

From root dṛś with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अविषह्यम् (aviṣahyam) - irresistible, unconquerable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aviṣahya

aviṣahya - irresistible, unconquerable, unbearable

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from verb root sah (to endure, overcome) with prefix a- (negation) and vi- (intensifier/negation) + suffix -ya

Prefixes: a+vi

Root: sah (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

From root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - the revered preceptor Droṇa (a brahmin)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a member of the priestly class, one who knows (brahman), a priest

Derived from brahman (neuter) meaning sacred word, ultimate reality; here, related to the class.

चरितव्रतम् (caritavratam) - one who has performed his vows, of steadfast vows

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of caritavrata

caritavrata - one who has observed/fulfilled vows, righteous, pious

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (carita+vrata)

• carita – performed, observed, practiced, done
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root car (to move, perform, practice)
  Root: car (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

अपयातः (apayātaḥ) - departed, retreated, gone away

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apayāta

apayāta - departed, gone away, retreated

Past Passive Participle

From root yā (to go) with prefix apa-

Prefix: apa

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Functions as the main verb.

ततस् (tatas) - from there, thence

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -tas applied to tad

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root tvar (to hasten)

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage of neuter accusative.

शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Shikhaṇḍī (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Shikhaṇḍī (a character in the Mahabharata)

Literally, 'one with a top-knot or crest'.

राजसत्तम (rājasattama) - O best of kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājasattama

rājasattama - best among kings, excellent king

Tatpurusha compound, with sattama (superlative of sat, good/best)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (rājan+sattama)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, excellent, most eminent
  adjective
  Superlative suffix tama