महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-38, verse-40

सारथिं चास्य तरसा प्राहिणोद्यमसादनम् ।
भल्लेन शितधारेण स हतः प्रापतद्रथात् ॥४०॥

40. sārathiṁ cāsya tarasā prāhiṇodyamasādanam ,
bhallena śitadhāreṇa sa hataḥ prāpatadrathāt.

40. sārathim ca asya tarasā prāhiṇot yamasādanam
bhallena śitadhāreṇa saḥ hataḥ prāpatat rathāt

40. ca saḥ asya sārathim tarasā śitadhāreṇa bhallena
yamasādanam prāhiṇot hataḥ rathāt prāpatat

40. And swiftly, with a sharp-edged bhalla arrow, he (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) sent Kṛtavarmā's charioteer to Yama's abode (to death). Struck by it, that charioteer fell from the chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अस्य (asya) - his (Kṛtavarmā's) (his, of this)

• तरसा (tarasā) - swiftly (swiftly, quickly, with speed)

• प्राहिणोत् (prāhiṇot) - sent (to death) (sent forth, despatched)

• यमसादनम् (yamasādanam) - to Yama's abode (to death) (Yama's abode, abode of death)

• भल्लेन (bhallena) - by a bhalla arrow

• शितधारेण (śitadhāreṇa) - sharp-edged (with a sharp edge, sharp-edged)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the charioteer) (he, that)

• हतः (hataḥ) - struck (struck, killed, wounded)

• प्रापतत् (prāpatat) - fell down (fell down, flew down)

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

Words meanings and morphology

सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

Note: Object of prahinot.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - his (Kṛtavarmā's) (his, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Kṛtavarmā from the previous verse.

तरसा (tarasā) - swiftly (swiftly, quickly, with speed)

(indeclinable)

प्राहिणोत् (prāhiṇot) - sent (to death) (sent forth, despatched)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prahiṇot

Imperfect

Imperfect 3rd person singular active, from root hi with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Root 'hi' with preverb 'pra'.

यमसादनम् (yamasādanam) - to Yama's abode (to death) (Yama's abode, abode of death)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yamasādana

yamasādana - Yama's abode, realm of death

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yama+sādana)

• yama – Yama (god of death), restraint
  proper noun (masculine)
• sādana – abode, dwelling, causing to sit down, destroying
  noun (neuter)
  From root sad (to sit) with causative meaning 'causing to sit' or 'abode'
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Acts as a destination (implied dative or locative sense).

भल्लेन (bhallena) - by a bhalla arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhalla

bhalla - a kind of arrow, spear, dart

Note: Instrument of sending.

शितधारेण (śitadhāreṇa) - sharp-edged (with a sharp edge, sharp-edged)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śitadhāra

śitadhāra - sharp-edged, having a keen edge

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śita+dhāra)

• śita – sharpened, keen, whetted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle from root śo (to sharpen)
  Root: śo (class 4)
• dhāra – edge, blade
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with bhallena.

सः (saḥ) - he (the charioteer) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the charioteer.

हतः (hataḥ) - struck (struck, killed, wounded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - struck, killed, smitten, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from root han

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'.

प्रापतत् (prāpatat) - fell down (fell down, flew down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prāpat

Imperfect

Imperfect 3rd person singular active, from root pat with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Root 'pat' with preverb 'pra'.

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Indicates separation from the chariot.

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