महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-38, verse-42

ततस्ते तावका योधा धृष्टद्युम्नमुपाद्रवन् ।
सिंहनादरवं कृत्वा ततो युद्धमवर्तत ॥४२॥

42. tataste tāvakā yodhā dhṛṣṭadyumnamupādravan ,
siṁhanādaravaṁ kṛtvā tato yuddhamavartata.

42. tataḥ te tāvakāḥ yodhāḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnam upādravan
siṃhanādaravam kṛtvā tataḥ yuddham avartata

42. tataḥ te tāvakāḥ yodhāḥ siṃhanādaravam kṛtvā
dhṛṣṭadyumnam upādravan tataḥ yuddham avartata

42. Then your warriors, after letting out a lion's roar, attacked Dhṛṣṭadyumna. Subsequently, the battle commenced.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• ते (te) - those (warriors) (those)

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your men, yours

• योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, fighters

• धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

• उपाद्रवन् (upādravan) - they rushed, they attacked

• सिंहनादरवम् (siṁhanādaravam) - the roar of a lion, lion's roar

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made, after doing

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

• अवर्तत (avartata) - it ensued, it began

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those (warriors) (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your men, yours

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - yours, belonging to you, your people

Derived from 'tvam' (you) with a 'vun' suffix to indicate possession/relation.

योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, fighters

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter, soldier

From root 'yudh' (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (name of a warrior, commander of the Pāṇḍava army)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhṛṣṭa+dyumna)

• dhṛṣṭa – bold, audacious, insolent
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhṛṣ' (to be bold) + 'kta' suffix.
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)
• dyumna – glory, splendor, wealth
  noun (neuter)

उपाद्रवन् (upādravan) - they rushed, they attacked

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upadru

Prefix: upa

Root: dru (class 1)

सिंहनादरवम् (siṁhanādaravam) - the roar of a lion, lion's roar

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of siṃhanādarava

siṁhanādarava - the sound or roar of a lion

Compound type : tatpurusha (siṃha+nāda+rava)

• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
• nāda – roar, sound, cry
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'nad' (to sound)
  Root: nad (class 1)
• rava – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ru' (to cry out)
  Root: ru (class 2)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made, after doing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + 'ktvā' suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (often used as a noun)

From root 'yudh' (to fight) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: yudh (class 4)

अवर्तत (avartata) - it ensued, it began

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)