महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-34, verse-41

ततो मद्राधिपो दृष्ट्वा विसंज्ञं सूतनन्दनम् ।
अपोवाह रथेनाजौ कर्णमाहवशोभिनम् ॥४१॥

41. tato madrādhipo dṛṣṭvā visaṁjñaṁ sūtanandanam ,
apovāha rathenājau karṇamāhavaśobhinam.

41. tataḥ madra-adhipaḥ dṛṣṭvā visañjñam sūta-nandanam
apa-uvāha rathena ajau karṇam āhava-śobhinam

41. tataḥ madra-adhipaḥ visañjñam sūta-nandanam dṛṣṭvā,
ajau āhava-śobhinam karṇam rathena apa-uvāha.

41. Then, the king of Madra, seeing the unconscious son of the charioteer (Karna), carried away Karna, who was resplendent in battle, with his chariot during the engagement.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• मद्र-अधिपः (madra-adhipaḥ) - Shalya (Karna's charioteer and king of Madra) (the king of Madra, the ruler of Madra)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• विसञ्ज्ञम् (visañjñam) - unconscious, senseless

• सूत-नन्दनम् (sūta-nandanam) - Karna (the son of the charioteer, Karna)

• अप-उवाह (apa-uvāha) - he carried away, he removed, he bore away

• रथेन (rathena) - by chariot, with the chariot

• अजौ (ajau) - in battle, in the fight

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna

• आहव-शोभिनम् (āhava-śobhinam) - glorious in battle, shining in combat

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

मद्र-अधिपः (madra-adhipaḥ) - Shalya (Karna's charioteer and king of Madra) (the king of Madra, the ruler of Madra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madra-adhipa

madra-adhipa - king of Madra

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (madra+adhipa)

• madra – Madra (a country); a proper noun
  proper noun (neuter)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, chief
  noun (masculine)
  From `adhi` (over) + root `pā` (to protect/rule).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Refers to Shalya.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root `dṛś` with suffix `-tvā`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

विसञ्ज्ञम् (visañjñam) - unconscious, senseless

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of visañjña

visañjña - unconscious, senseless, without perception

From `vi-` (privative) + `sañjñā` (consciousness/perception).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (vi+sañjña)

• vi – apart, away, without (as prefix); specific, distinct
  indeclinable
  Used as a privative prefix.
• sañjña – conscious, knowing; sign, mark, appellation
  adjective (masculine)
  From `saṃ-jñā` (to perceive).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Adjective to `sūta-nandanam`.

सूत-नन्दनम् (sūta-nandanam) - Karna (the son of the charioteer, Karna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta-nandana

sūta-nandana - son of a charioteer

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sūta+nandana)

• sūta – charioteer, bard, herald
  noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, child, delight, pleasing
  noun (masculine)
  From root `nand` (to rejoice).
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

अप-उवाह (apa-uvāha) - he carried away, he removed, he bore away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Liṭ) of vah

Perfect tense (Liṭ)

3rd singular active, perfect tense. Reduplicated form of `vah` with `apa-`.

Prefix: apa

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: The prefix `apa-` means 'away'.

रथेन (rathena) - by chariot, with the chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Instrument of carrying.

अजौ (ajau) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of aja

aja - fight, battle; contest; goat

From root `aj` (to drive, push).

Root: aj (class 1)

Note: Locative of place.

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (a proper noun); ear

Note: Object of `apa-uvāha`.

आहव-शोभिनम् (āhava-śobhinam) - glorious in battle, shining in combat

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āhava-śobhin

āhava-śobhin - glorious in battle, shining in combat

`śobhin` is an agent noun/adjective from root `śubh` (to shine).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (āhava+śobhin)

• āhava – battle, war, fight
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hve (class 1)
• śobhin – shining, beautiful, glorious, splendid
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root `śubh` (to shine, be beautiful) with suffix `-in`.
  Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Adjective to `karṇam`.