महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-34, verse-23

एतच्छ्रुत्वा तु वचनं राधेयस्य महात्मनः ।
उवाच वचनं शल्यः सूतपुत्रं तथागतम् ॥२३॥

23. etacchrutvā tu vacanaṁ rādheyasya mahātmanaḥ ,
uvāca vacanaṁ śalyaḥ sūtaputraṁ tathāgatam.

23. etat śrutvā tu vacanam rādheyasya mahātmanaḥ
uvāca vacanam śalyaḥ sūtaputram tathāgatam

23. rādheyasya mahātmanaḥ etat vacanam śrutvā tu,
śalyaḥ tathāgatam sūtaputram vacanam uvāca.

23. Having heard these words of the great-souled (mahātman) son of Radha (Rādheya), Shalya then spoke words to the charioteer's son (sūtaputra) who had spoken in such a manner.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this (speech) (this)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तु (tu) - then (indicating sequence) (but, indeed, then)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - speech (word, speech, saying)

• राधेयस्य (rādheyasya) - of Karna (of Karna, of the son of Radhā)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled (Karna) (of the great-souled one, of the noble one)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - words (as direct object of uvāca) (word, speech, saying)

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - King Shalya (Shalya (proper noun))

• सूतपुत्रम् (sūtaputram) - to Karna, who was considered a charioteer's son (to the son of a charioteer (Karna))

• तथागतम् (tathāgatam) - who had so addressed him (Shalya) (having gone thus, in such a state, who had spoken thus)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this (speech) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Qualifies vacanam.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

तु (tu) - then (indicating sequence) (but, indeed, then)

(indeclinable)

वचनम् (vacanam) - speech (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, saying

Noun derived from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of śrutvā.

राधेयस्य (rādheyasya) - of Karna (of Karna, of the son of Radhā)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rādheya

rādheya - son of Rādhā (an epithet for Karna)

Patronymic from Rādhā.

Note: Qualifies vacanam or mahātmanaḥ.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled (Karna) (of the great-souled one, of the noble one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, eminent (referring to ātman)

mahā (great) + ātman (self/soul).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, ego
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies rādheyasya.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense, 3rd person singular, Active voice

Perfect form of vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

वचनम् (vacanam) - words (as direct object of uvāca) (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, saying

Noun derived from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of uvāca.

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - King Shalya (Shalya (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Name of the king of Madras, charioteer of Karna

Note: Subject of uvāca.

सूतपुत्रम् (sūtaputram) - to Karna, who was considered a charioteer's son (to the son of a charioteer (Karna))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer (an epithet for Karna)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indirect object of uvāca.

तथागतम् (tathāgatam) - who had so addressed him (Shalya) (having gone thus, in such a state, who had spoken thus)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tathāgata

tathāgata - one who has gone thus, arrived at such a state, who has spoken thus

Past Passive Participle

tathā (thus) + gata (gone, attained).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tathā+gata)

• tathā – thus, so, in that manner
  indeclinable
• gata – gone, arrived, attained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam.
  Root: gam (class 1)