महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-34, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तानभिद्रवतो दृष्ट्वा पाण्डवांस्तावकं बलम् ।
क्रोशतस्तव पुत्रस्य न स्म राजन्न्यवर्तत ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tānabhidravato dṛṣṭvā pāṇḍavāṁstāvakaṁ balam ,
krośatastava putrasya na sma rājannyavartata.

1. saṃjaya uvāca tān abhidravataḥ dṛṣṭvā pāṇḍavān tāvakam
balam krośataḥ tava putrasya na sma rājan nyavartata

1. saṃjaya uvāca rājan tān abhidravataḥ pāṇḍavān dṛṣṭvā
tava putrasya krośataḥ tāvakam balam na sma nyavartata

1. Sañjaya said: "O King, having seen those Pāṇḍavas attacking, your army did not retreat, despite your son's cries."

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तान् (tān) - those (Pāṇḍavas) (those, them)

• अभिद्रवतः (abhidravataḥ) - attacking, rushing towards (them)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

• तावकम् (tāvakam) - your, belonging to you

• बलम् (balam) - army, force, strength

• क्रोशतः (krośataḥ) - of your son who was crying out (of the crying/shouting one)

• तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (your)

• पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of your son (Duryodhana) (of the son)

• न (na) - not, no

• स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (used to turn present/imperfect tense into past narrative)

• राजन् (rājan) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

• न्यवर्तत (nyavartata) - turned back, retreated

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तान् (tān) - those (Pāṇḍavas) (those, them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

अभिद्रवतः (abhidravataḥ) - attacking, rushing towards (them)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of abhidravat

abhidravat - attacking, rushing towards

Present Active Participle

Formed from root dru with prefix abhi and śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dṛś with tvā suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

तावकम् (tāvakam) - your, belonging to you

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, belonging to you

बलम् (balam) - army, force, strength

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, army, force

क्रोशतः (krośataḥ) - of your son who was crying out (of the crying/shouting one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of krośat

krośat - crying, shouting, wailing

Present Active Participle

Formed from root kruś with śatṛ suffix.

Root: kruś (class 1)

तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of your son (Duryodhana) (of the son)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (used to turn present/imperfect tense into past narrative)

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

न्यवर्तत (nyavartata) - turned back, retreated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)