महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-76, verse-36

तौ तु दृष्ट्वा व्यतिक्रान्तौ हृषीकेशधनंजयौ ।
सिन्धुराजस्य रक्षार्थं पराक्रान्तः सुतस्तव ॥३६॥

36. tau tu dṛṣṭvā vyatikrāntau hṛṣīkeśadhanaṁjayau ,
sindhurājasya rakṣārthaṁ parākrāntaḥ sutastava.

36. tau tu dṛṣṭvā vyatikrāntau hṛṣīkeśadhanañjayau |
sindhurājasya rakṣārtham parākrāntaḥ sutaḥ tava

36. hṛṣīkeśadhanañjayau tau tu dṛṣṭvā vyatikrāntau,
sindhurājasya rakṣārtham tava sutaḥ parākrāntaḥ.

36. But seeing Hṛṣīkeśa (Kṛṣṇa) and Dhanañjaya (Arjuna) having passed them by, your son exerted himself for the protection of the king of Sindhu (Jayadratha).

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - Hṛṣīkeśa and Dhanañjaya (those two)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• व्यतिक्रान्तौ (vyatikrāntau) - having passed by, having gone beyond

• हृषीकेशधनञ्जयौ (hṛṣīkeśadhanañjayau) - Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna (Hṛṣīkeśa and Dhanañjaya)

• सिन्धुराजस्य (sindhurājasya) - of Jayadratha (of the king of Sindhu)

• रक्षार्थम् (rakṣārtham) - for the sake of protection, for protection

• पराक्रान्तः (parākrāntaḥ) - exerted himself, showed valor

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - Duryodhana (your son) (son)

• तव (tava) - belonging to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the speaker's recipient) (your)

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - Hṛṣīkeśa and Dhanañjaya (those two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā' (having seen)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dṛś with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

व्यतिक्रान्तौ (vyatikrāntau) - having passed by, having gone beyond

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of vyatikrānta

vyatikrānta - passed by, gone beyond

Past Passive Participle

From root kram with prefixes vi- and ati- and suffix -ta

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tau' (those two)

हृषीकेशधनञ्जयौ (hṛṣīkeśadhanañjayau) - Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna (Hṛṣīkeśa and Dhanañjaya)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of hṛṣīkeśadhanañjaya

hṛṣīkeśadhanañjaya - Hṛṣīkeśa and Dhanañjaya

Compound type : dvandva (hṛṣīkeśa+dhanañjaya)

• hṛṣīkeśa – Kṛṣṇa
  proper noun (masculine)
• dhanañjaya – Arjuna (conqueror of wealth)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'tau' (those two)

सिन्धुराजस्य (sindhurājasya) - of Jayadratha (of the king of Sindhu)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sindhurāja

sindhurāja - king of Sindhu

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sindhu+rājan)

• sindhu – the river Sindhu, the region of Sindhu
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

रक्षार्थम् (rakṣārtham) - for the sake of protection, for protection

(indeclinable)

Adverbial usage, formed from rakṣā + artha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rakṣā+artha)

• rakṣā – protection, guarding
  noun (feminine)
• artha – purpose, aim, sake
  noun (masculine)

पराक्रान्तः (parākrāntaḥ) - exerted himself, showed valor

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parākrānta

parākrānta - courageous, valorous, exerted, attacked

Past Passive Participle

From root kram with prefixes parā- and ā- and suffix -ta

Prefixes: parā+ā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sutaḥ' (son)

सुतः (sutaḥ) - Duryodhana (your son) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son

Root: sū (class 2)

तव (tava) - belonging to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the speaker's recipient) (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you