महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-76, verse-14

अथ दृष्ट्वा व्यतिक्रान्तौ ज्वलिताविव पावकौ ।
निराशाः सिन्धुराजस्य जीवितं नाशशंसिरे ॥१४॥

14. atha dṛṣṭvā vyatikrāntau jvalitāviva pāvakau ,
nirāśāḥ sindhurājasya jīvitaṁ nāśaśaṁsire.

14. atha dṛṣṭvā vyatikrāntau jvalitau iva pāvakau
nirāśāḥ sindhurājasya jīvitam na āśaśaṃsire

14. atha,
dṛṣṭvā,
(tau),
jvalitau,
pāvakau,
iva,
vyatikrāntau,
(te),
nirāśāḥ,
sindhurājasya,
jīvitam,
na,
āśaśaṃsire

14. Then, seeing them, those two who had passed beyond like two blazing fires, the others became hopeless and did not hope for the life of the Sindhu king.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• व्यतिक्रान्तौ (vyatikrāntau) - having passed through (the armies) (having passed beyond, having transgressed)

• ज्वलितौ (jvalitau) - blazing, ignited

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• पावकौ (pāvakau) - two blazing fires (two fires, two purifiers)

• निराशाः (nirāśāḥ) - hopeless, dejected

• सिन्धुराजस्य (sindhurājasya) - of the king of Sindhu

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - survival (life, existence)

• न (na) - not, no

• आशशंसिरे (āśaśaṁsire) - they hoped for (they hoped for, they expected)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root dṛś + suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

व्यतिक्रान्तौ (vyatikrāntau) - having passed through (the armies) (having passed beyond, having transgressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vyatikrānta

vyatikrānta - passed over, passed by, transgressed

Past Passive Participle

From prefixes vi + ati + root kram (to step, go) + kta suffix.

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Arjuna and Krishna).

ज्वलितौ (jvalitau) - blazing, ignited

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of jvalita

jvalita - blazing, inflamed, shining

Past Passive Participle

From root jval (to blaze) + kta suffix.

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pāvakau'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

पावकौ (pāvakau) - two blazing fires (two fires, two purifiers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pāvaka

pāvaka - fire, purifier, pure, clear

From root pū (to purify).

Root: pū (class 1)

निराशाः (nirāśāḥ) - hopeless, dejected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirāśa

nirāśa - hopeless, despairing, dejected

Compound nis (without) + āśā (hope).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (nis+āśā)

• nis – without, out of, negative
  upasarga
• āśā – hope, expectation
  noun (feminine)

Note: Refers to 'they' (the Kaurava forces or observers).

सिन्धुराजस्य (sindhurājasya) - of the king of Sindhu

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sindhurāja

sindhurāja - king of Sindhu

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sindhu+rājan)

• sindhu – Sindhu (name of a river, region, and its people/king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'jīvitam'.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - survival (life, existence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence, livelihood

Past Passive Participle (from jīv) used as a noun.

From root jīv (to live) + kta suffix.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āśaśaṃsire'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आशशंसिरे (āśaśaṁsire) - they hoped for (they hoped for, they expected)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (Lit) of āśaṃs

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, middle voice

From prefix ā + root śaṃs (to praise, to wish for). Reduplicated perfect.

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: In context with 'na', means 'did not hope'.