महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-76, verse-13

तामाशां विफलां कृत्वा निस्तीर्णौ तौ परंतपौ ।
द्रोणानीकं महाराज भोजानीकं च दुस्तरम् ॥१३॥

13. tāmāśāṁ viphalāṁ kṛtvā nistīrṇau tau paraṁtapau ,
droṇānīkaṁ mahārāja bhojānīkaṁ ca dustaram.

13. tām āśām viphalām kṛtvā nistīrṇau tau paraṃtapau
droṇānīkam mahārāja bhojānīkam ca dustaram

13. mahārāja,
tau,
paraṃtapau,
tām,
āśām,
viphalām,
kṛtvā,
droṇānīkam,
ca,
dustaram,
bhojānīkam,
nistīrṇau

13. O great king, having made that hope futile, those two tormentors of enemies (Arjuna and Krishna) crossed through Drona's army and also the Bhoja army, which was difficult to penetrate.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that (feminine)

• आशाम् (āśām) - hope, expectation, direction

• विफलाम् (viphalām) - futile, fruitless, useless

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having rendered (having made, having done)

• निस्तीर्णौ (nistīrṇau) - having successfully crossed through (having crossed over, having passed through)

• तौ (tau) - those two

• परंतपौ (paraṁtapau) - tormentors of enemies (Arjuna and Krishna) (vanquisher of foes, tormentor of enemies)

• द्रोणानीकम् (droṇānīkam) - Drona's army

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• भोजानीकम् (bhojānīkam) - Bhoja's army

• च (ca) - and, also

• दुस्तरम् (dustaram) - difficult to penetrate (difficult to cross, impenetrable)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agrees with 'āśām'.

आशाम् (āśām) - hope, expectation, direction

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āśā

āśā - hope, expectation, desire, direction

From root āśiṣ (to wish) or ā-śas (to expect).

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

विफलाम् (viphalām) - futile, fruitless, useless

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of viphala

viphala - fruitless, useless, unrewarding

Compound vi (negative) + phala (fruit).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (vi+phala)

• vi – without, apart from, against
  upasarga
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'āśām'.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having rendered (having made, having done)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root kṛ + suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

निस्तीर्णौ (nistīrṇau) - having successfully crossed through (having crossed over, having passed through)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of nistīrṇa

nistīrṇa - crossed over, passed through, traversed

Past Passive Participle

From prefix nis + root tṛ (to cross) + kta suffix.

Prefix: nis

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tau'.

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Subject of the implied action of crossing.

परंतपौ (paraṁtapau) - tormentors of enemies (Arjuna and Krishna) (vanquisher of foes, tormentor of enemies)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of enemies, vanquisher of foes

Compound.

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (param+tapa)

• para – other, hostile, enemy
  adjective (masculine)
  Accusative singular neuter of para (enemy).
• tapa – one who torments, heats, afflicts
  noun/agent noun (masculine)
  agent noun / verbal adjective
  From root tap (to heat, torment) + a suffix.
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tau'.

द्रोणानीकम् (droṇānīkam) - Drona's army

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of droṇānīka

droṇānīka - Drona's army

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+anīka)

• droṇa – Drona (a proper noun, name of a teacher)
  proper noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, host, array
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'nistīrṇau'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

भोजानीकम् (bhojānīkam) - Bhoja's army

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhojānīka

bhojānīka - Bhoja's army

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhoja+anīka)

• bhoja – Bhoja (name of a king/people, likely referring to Kritavarma's army or a king of the Bhojas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, host, array
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'nistīrṇau'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

दुस्तरम् (dustaram) - difficult to penetrate (difficult to cross, impenetrable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dustara

dustara - difficult to cross, hard to pass through, impenetrable

Gerundive / kṛtya

Compound dus (difficult) + root tṛ (to cross) + suffix a. Formed to mean 'difficult to cross'.

Compound type : prādi (dus+tara)

• dus – bad, ill, difficult
  upasarga
• tara – crossing, passing over (agent noun or derived form)
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun / verbal adjective
  From root tṛ (to cross).
  Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'bhojānīkam'.