महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-76, verse-11

तौ तु दृष्ट्वा व्यतिक्रान्तौ द्रोणानीकं महाद्युती ।
नाशशंसुर्महाराज सिन्धुराजस्य जीवितम् ॥११॥

11. tau tu dṛṣṭvā vyatikrāntau droṇānīkaṁ mahādyutī ,
nāśaśaṁsurmahārāja sindhurājasya jīvitam.

11. tau tu dṛṣṭvā vyatikrāntau droṇānīkam mahādyutī
na āśaśaṃsuḥ mahārāja sindhurājasya jīvitam

11. mahārāja,
tu,
mahādyutī,
tau,
droṇānīkam,
dṛṣṭvā,
vyatikrāntau,
na,
sindhurājasya,
jīvitam,
āśaśaṃsuḥ

11. O great king, having seen those two resplendent ones pass through Drona's army, they no longer hoped for the life of the king of Sindhu.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - those two

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• व्यतिक्रान्तौ (vyatikrāntau) - having passed through (having passed beyond, having transgressed)

• द्रोणानीकम् (droṇānīkam) - Drona's army

• महाद्युती (mahādyutī) - resplendent ones (of great splendor, very brilliant, illustrious)

• न (na) - not, no

• आशशंसुः (āśaśaṁsuḥ) - they hoped for (they hoped, they expected)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• सिन्धुराजस्य (sindhurājasya) - of the king of Sindhu

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - survival (life, existence)

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Also accusative dual masculine/feminine. Here nominative based on context with 'mahādyutī' and 'vyatikrāntau'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root dṛś + suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Although derived from a verb, it functions as an indeclinable participle.

व्यतिक्रान्तौ (vyatikrāntau) - having passed through (having passed beyond, having transgressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vyatikrānta

vyatikrānta - passed over, passed by, transgressed

Past Passive Participle

From prefixes vi + ati + root kram (to step, go) + kta suffix.

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tau'.

द्रोणानीकम् (droṇānīkam) - Drona's army

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of droṇānīka

droṇānīka - Drona's army

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+anīka)

• droṇa – Drona (a proper noun, name of a teacher)
  proper noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, host, array
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'vyatikrāntau' (implied 'through').

महाद्युती (mahādyutī) - resplendent ones (of great splendor, very brilliant, illustrious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahādyuti

mahādyuti - of great splendor, very brilliant, illustrious

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+dyuti)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• dyuti – splendor, light, brilliance, glory
  noun (feminine)
  From root dyut (to shine).
  Root: dyut (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tau'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आशशंसुः (āśaśaṁsuḥ) - they hoped for (they hoped, they expected)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of āśaṃs

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

From prefix ā + root śaṃs (to praise, to wish for).

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: In context with 'na', means 'did not hope'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

सिन्धुराजस्य (sindhurājasya) - of the king of Sindhu

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sindhurāja

sindhurāja - king of Sindhu

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sindhu+rājan)

• sindhu – Sindhu (name of a river, region, and its people/king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'jīvitam'.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - survival (life, existence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence, livelihood

Past Passive Participle (from jīv) used as a noun.

From root jīv (to live) + kta suffix.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āśaśaṃsuḥ'.