महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-76, verse-19

अतीत्य मरुधन्वेव प्रयान्तौ तृषितौ गजौ ।
पीत्वा वारि समाश्वस्तौ तथैवास्तामरिंदमौ ॥१९॥

19. atītya marudhanveva prayāntau tṛṣitau gajau ,
pītvā vāri samāśvastau tathaivāstāmariṁdamau.

19. atītya marudhanve iva prayāntau tṛṣitau gajau
pītvā vāri samāśvastau tathā eva āstām ariṃdamau

19. tau ariṃdamau tṛṣitau gajau marudhanve iva prayāntau
atītya vāri pītvā tathā eva samāśvastau āstām

19. Like two thirsty elephants journeying through a desert, after drinking water, those two subdueers of enemies became similarly comforted.

Words meanings summery:

• अतीत्य (atītya) - having crossed, having passed beyond, having overcome

• मरुधन्वे (marudhanve) - in a desert, in a wasteland

• इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to, as

• प्रयान्तौ (prayāntau) - two going forth, two proceeding, two journeying

• तृषितौ (tṛṣitau) - two thirsty, two parched

• गजौ (gajau) - two elephants

• पीत्वा (pītvā) - having drunk

• वारि (vāri) - water

• समाश्वस्तौ (samāśvastau) - two greatly comforted, two refreshed, two relieved

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, similarly

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, quite, even

• आस्ताम् (āstām) - they were, they existed (dual)

• अरिंदमौ (ariṁdamau) - two subdueers of enemies, two destroyers of foes

Words meanings and morphology

अतीत्य (atītya) - having crossed, having passed beyond, having overcome

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from the prefix 'ati-' and the root 'i-' (to go), with the absolutive suffix '-tvā' (which becomes '-ya' after certain prefixes).

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

मरुधन्वे (marudhanve) - in a desert, in a wasteland

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of marudhanvan

marudhanvan - desert, sandy waste, arid region

इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to, as

(indeclinable)

A particle expressing comparison, similarity, or likelihood.

प्रयान्तौ (prayāntau) - two going forth, two proceeding, two journeying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of prayānt

prayānt - going forth, proceeding, moving forward

Present active participle

Derived from the prefix 'pra-' and the root 'yā-' (to go). The ending '-nt' indicates a present active participle. Form is masculine nominative/accusative dual.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

तृषितौ (tṛṣitau) - two thirsty, two parched

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tṛṣita

tṛṣita - thirsty, parched, desirous

Past passive participle

Derived from the root 'tṛṣ-' (to thirst). Form is masculine nominative/accusative dual.

Root: tṛṣ (class 4)

गजौ (gajau) - two elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of gaja

gaja - elephant

Note: Subject of the simile.

पीत्वा (pītvā) - having drunk

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from the root 'pā-' (to drink), which takes the strong stem 'pī-' before the absolutive suffix '-tvā'.

Root: pā (class 1)

वारि (vāri) - water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vāri

vāri - water

Note: Object of the absolutive 'pītvā'.

समाश्वस्तौ (samāśvastau) - two greatly comforted, two refreshed, two relieved

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of samāśvasta

samāśvasta - comforted, refreshed, reassured, breathed freely

Past passive participle

Derived from prefixes 'sam-' and 'ā-' and the root 'śvas-' (to breathe, to be comforted). Form is masculine nominative dual.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: śvas (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, similarly

(indeclinable)

Adverb of manner.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, quite, even

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

आस्ताम् (āstām) - they were, they existed (dual)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect tense, active voice

Root 'as-' (to be), 3rd person dual, imperfect tense (laṅ lakāra). The augment 'a-' precedes the root.

Root: as (class 2)

अरिंदमौ (ariṁdamau) - two subdueers of enemies, two destroyers of foes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ariṃdama

ariṁdama - subduer of enemies, destroyer of foes

Compound formed from 'ari' (enemy) and 'dama' (subduing, taming).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dama – subduing, taming, controlling
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root 'dam-' (to tame, subdue).
  Root: dam (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence, implicitly referring to the two heroes.