महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-51, verse-4

ते पीड्यमाना द्रोणेन द्रोणानीकं न शक्नुमः ।
प्रतिवीक्षितुमप्याजौ भेत्तुं तत्कुत एव तु ॥४॥

4. te pīḍyamānā droṇena droṇānīkaṁ na śaknumaḥ ,
prativīkṣitumapyājau bhettuṁ tatkuta eva tu.

4. te pīḍyamānāḥ droṇena droṇānīkam na śaknumaḥ
prativīkṣitum api ājau bhettum tat kutaḥ eva tu

4. droṇena pīḍyamānāḥ te (vayam) droṇānīkam ājau
prativīkṣitum api na śaknumaḥ; tat bhettum kutaḥ eva tu

4. Afflicted by Drona, we were unable even to face Drona's army in battle; how then could we possibly break through it?

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - we (Pandavas and our forces) (they, those)

• पीड्यमानाः (pīḍyamānāḥ) - being afflicted (by Drona) (being afflicted, being tormented)

• द्रोणेन (droṇena) - by Dronacharya (by Drona)

• द्रोणानीकम् (droṇānīkam) - Drona's army

• न (na) - not

• शक्नुमः (śaknumaḥ) - we are able

• प्रतिवीक्षितुम् (prativīkṣitum) - even to face (to face, to look at, to oppose)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

• आजौ (ājau) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

• भेत्तुम् (bhettum) - to break through (Drona's army) (to break, to pierce, to split)

• तत् (tat) - that (Drona's army) (that)

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - how (then) (whence, from where, how)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (only, indeed, just)

• तु (tu) - then, indeed (in a rhetorical question) (but, indeed, yet)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - we (Pandavas and our forces) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative plural of 'tad'. Refers back to 'we' (vayam).

Note: Grammatically 3rd person plural, but contextually refers to the 1st person plural (Pandavas).

पीड्यमानाः (pīḍyamānāḥ) - being afflicted (by Drona) (being afflicted, being tormented)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pīḍyamāna

pīḍyamāna - being hurt, being oppressed, being tormented

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root pīḍ.

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

द्रोणेन (droṇena) - by Dronacharya (by Drona)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of the preceptor)

द्रोणानीकम् (droṇānīkam) - Drona's army

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of droṇānīka

droṇānīka - Drona's army, the army of Drona

Compound: droṇa (Drona) + anīka (army).

Compound type : tatpurusha (droṇa+anīka)

• droṇa – Drona (name of the preceptor)
  proper noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, host, front, face
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

शक्नुमः (śaknumaḥ) - we are able

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of śak

present active indicative

1st person plural present active of root śak.

Root: śak (class 5)

प्रतिवीक्षितुम् (prativīkṣitum) - even to face (to face, to look at, to oppose)

(infinitive)

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

आजौ (ājau) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āji

āji - battle, contest, encounter

Root: aj (class 1)

Note: Denotes location of action.

भेत्तुम् (bhettum) - to break through (Drona's army) (to break, to pierce, to split)

(infinitive)

तत् (tat) - that (Drona's army) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Neuter accusative singular of 'tad'. Refers to 'droṇānīkam'.

कुतः (kutaḥ) - how (then) (whence, from where, how)

(indeclinable)

Ablative of 'kim' used as an adverb.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

तु (tu) - then, indeed (in a rhetorical question) (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/emphatic particle.