महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-51, verse-16

संजय उवाच ।
ततोऽर्जुनो वचः श्रुत्वा धर्मराजेन भाषितम् ।
हा पुत्र इति निःश्वस्य व्यथितो न्यपतद्भुवि ॥१६॥

16. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tato'rjuno vacaḥ śrutvā dharmarājena bhāṣitam ,
hā putra iti niḥśvasya vyathito nyapatadbhuvi.

16. saṃjayaḥ uvāca tataḥ arjunaḥ vacaḥ śrutvā dharmarājena
bhāṣitam hā putra iti niḥśvasya vyathitaḥ nyapatat bhuvi

16. saṃjayaḥ uvāca tataḥ arjunaḥ dharmarājena bhāṣitam vacaḥ
śrutvā "hā putra!" iti niḥśvasya vyathitaḥ bhuvi nyapatat

16. Saṃjaya said: Then, Arjuna, having heard the words spoken by the king of (dharma) (Dharmarāja Yudhiṣṭhira), sighed, "Oh son!" and, distressed, fell to the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (indicating sequence) (then, thence, from that)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (proper name)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• धर्मराजेन (dharmarājena) - by Yudhiṣṭhira (as Dharmarāja) (by the king of (dharma), by Dharmarāja)

• भाषितम् (bhāṣitam) - spoken, said

• हा (hā) - alas, oh!

• पुत्र (putra) - son

• इति (iti) - thus, so (quotative particle)

• निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed, having exhaled

• व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - distressed, troubled, agitated

• न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - fell down

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the earth, on the ground

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - victory, name of a character in Mahabharata

Note: Speaker introduction.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

root vac, class 2

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (indicating sequence) (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - white, clear, name of a Pandava prince

Note: Subject of the actions śrutvā, niḥśvasya, nyapatat.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

Note: Object of śrutvā.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

root śru, class 5

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) form.

धर्मराजेन (dharmarājena) - by Yudhiṣṭhira (as Dharmarāja) (by the king of (dharma), by Dharmarāja)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmarājan

dharmarājan - king of (dharma), lord of righteousness, Yama (god of death), Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – righteousness, virtue, duty, natural law, intrinsic nature (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of bhāṣitam.

भाषितम् (bhāṣitam) - spoken, said

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhāṣ

bhāṣ - to speak, to say

Past Passive Participle

from root bhāṣ (class 1 Ātmanepada)

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle, agrees with vacaḥ.

हा (hā) - alas, oh!

(indeclinable)

Note: Exclamatory particle.

पुत्र (putra) - son

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Direct address, 'Oh son!'.

इति (iti) - thus, so (quotative particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of a quotation.

निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed, having exhaled

(indeclinable)

root śvas (to breathe) with prefix nis

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) form.

व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - distressed, troubled, agitated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathita

vyathita - troubled, distressed, agitated

Past Passive Participle

from root vyath (to tremble, be agitated)

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Agrees with arjunaḥ.

न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of nipat

root pat (to fall) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Augmented form of ni-pat (imperfect).

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the earth, on the ground

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land