महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-51, verse-20

सत्यं वः प्रतिजानामि श्वोऽस्मि हन्ता जयद्रथम् ।
न चेद्वधभयाद्भीतो धार्तराष्ट्रान्प्रहास्यति ॥२०॥

20. satyaṁ vaḥ pratijānāmi śvo'smi hantā jayadratham ,
na cedvadhabhayādbhīto dhārtarāṣṭrānprahāsyati.

20. satyam vaḥ pratijānāmi śvaḥ asmi hantā jayadratham
na cet vadhabhayāt bhītaḥ dhārtarāṣṭrān prahāsyati

20. vaḥ satyam pratijānāmi śvaḥ jayadratham hantā asmi
cet vadhabhayāt bhītaḥ dhārtarāṣṭrān na prahāsyati

20. Truly, I promise you, tomorrow I will kill Jayadratha, unless, fearing death, he abandons the Dhārtarāṣṭras (Dhārtarāṣṭras).

Words meanings summery:

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, truly

• वः (vaḥ) - to you (plural), your

• प्रतिजानामि (pratijānāmi) - I promise, I pledge

• श्वः (śvaḥ) - tomorrow

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• हन्ता (hantā) - killer, slayer

• जयद्रथम् (jayadratham) - Jayadratha (name of a king, lit. 'chariot of victory')

• न (na) - not

• चेत् (cet) - if

• वधभयात् (vadhabhayāt) - from fear of death, due to fear of being killed

• भीतः (bhītaḥ) - afraid, frightened

• धार्तराष्ट्रान् (dhārtarāṣṭrān) - the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhārtarāṣṭras)

• प्रहास्यति (prahāsyati) - he will abandon, he will give up, he will leave

Words meanings and morphology

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, truly

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, true, real

From `sat` (being, existing).

Root: as (class 2)

वः (vaḥ) - to you (plural), your

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

Pronominal stem for second person plural.

प्रतिजानामि (pratijānāmi) - I promise, I pledge

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pratijñā

Present Tense

From root `jñā` (to know) with prefix `prati` (in return, towards). First person singular, present tense, active voice.

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

श्वः (śvaḥ) - tomorrow

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Tense

From root `as` (to be). First person singular, present tense, active voice.

Root: as (class 2)

हन्ता (hantā) - killer, slayer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hantar

hantar - killer, slayer, destroyer

Agent noun from root `han` (to strike, kill) with `tṛ` suffix.

Root: han (class 2)

जयद्रथम् (jayadratham) - Jayadratha (name of a king, lit. 'chariot of victory')

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jayadratha

jayadratha - Jayadratha (name of a king)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jaya+ratha)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  From root `ji` (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  From root `ramh` (to go swiftly).
  Root: ramh (class 1)

Note: Object of `hantā`.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

Conditional particle.

वधभयात् (vadhabhayāt) - from fear of death, due to fear of being killed

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vadhabhaya

vadhabhaya - fear of death, fear of being killed

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vadha+bhaya)

• vadha – killing, slaughter, death
  noun (masculine)
  From root `vadh` (to strike, kill).
  Root: vadh (class 1)
• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  From root `bhī` (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Expresses cause 'from fear'.

भीतः (bhītaḥ) - afraid, frightened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - afraid, frightened

Past Passive Participle

From root `bhī` (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (Jayadratha).

धार्तराष्ट्रान् (dhārtarāṣṭrān) - the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhārtarāṣṭras)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, belonging to Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Patronymic from `dhṛtarāṣṭra`.

Note: Object of `prahāsyati`.

प्रहास्यति (prahāsyati) - he will abandon, he will give up, he will leave

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of prahā

Future Tense

From root `hā` (to abandon, leave) with prefix `pra` (forth, away). Third person singular, future tense, active voice.

Prefix: pra

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: The subject is 'he' (Jayadratha, implied).