महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-35, verse-43

पलायनकृतोत्साहा निरुत्साहा द्विषज्जये ।
गोत्रनामभिरन्योन्यं क्रन्दन्तो जीवितैषिणः ॥४३॥

43. palāyanakṛtotsāhā nirutsāhā dviṣajjaye ,
gotranāmabhiranyonyaṁ krandanto jīvitaiṣiṇaḥ.

43. palāyanakṛtotsāhāḥ nirutsāhāḥ dviṣajjaye
gotranāmabhiḥ anyonyam krandantaḥ jīvitaiṣiṇaḥ

43. palāyanakṛtotsāhāḥ dviṣajjaye nirutsāhāḥ
anyonyam gotranāmabhiḥ krandantaḥ jīvitaiṣiṇaḥ

43. Eager for flight, completely devoid of enthusiasm for conquering the enemies, they cried out to each other by family names, longing to preserve their lives.

Words meanings summery:

• पलायनकृतोत्साहाः (palāyanakṛtotsāhāḥ) - having enthusiasm for fleeing, eager for flight

• निरुत्साहाः (nirutsāhāḥ) - without enthusiasm, discouraged, devoid of energy

• द्विषज्जये (dviṣajjaye) - in the conquest of enemies, in victory over foes

• गोत्रनामभिः (gotranāmabhiḥ) - by family names, by lineage names

• अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other, mutually

• क्रन्दन्तः (krandantaḥ) - crying out, wailing, shouting

• जीवितैषिणः (jīvitaiṣiṇaḥ) - desiring to live, seeking life

Words meanings and morphology

पलायनकृतोत्साहाः (palāyanakṛtotsāhāḥ) - having enthusiasm for fleeing, eager for flight

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of palāyanakṛtotsāha

palāyanakṛtotsāha - having made an effort to flee, eager for flight

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (palāyana+kṛta+utsāha)

• palāyana – fleeing, flight, escape
  noun (neuter)
  Action noun
  From root i (to go) with palā prefix and lyuṭ suffix.
  Prefix: palā
  Root: i (class 2)
• kṛta – made, done, performed
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• utsāha – enthusiasm, energy, effort
  noun (masculine)
  From root sah (to be powerful) with ud prefix.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tvadīyāḥ putrāḥ from previous verse, implying they were the subjects.

निरुत्साहाः (nirutsāhāḥ) - without enthusiasm, discouraged, devoid of energy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirutsāha

nirutsāha - devoid of enthusiasm or energy, discouraged

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (nis+utsāha)

• nis – out, forth, without, away
  indeclinable
• utsāha – enthusiasm, energy, effort
  noun (masculine)
  From root sah (to be powerful) with ud prefix.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subjects.

द्विषज्जये (dviṣajjaye) - in the conquest of enemies, in victory over foes

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dviṣajjaya

dviṣajjaya - conquest of enemies, victory over foes

Compound formed by dviṣat (enemy) and jaya (victory/conquest).

Compound type : Genitive Tatpurusha (dviṣat+jaya)

• dviṣat – hating, enemy, foe
  participle
  Present Active Participle
  From root dviṣ (to hate).
  Root: dviṣ (class 2)
• jaya – victory, triumph, conquest
  noun (masculine)
  Action noun
  From root ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Indicates the domain of their lack of enthusiasm.

गोत्रनामभिः (gotranāmabhiḥ) - by family names, by lineage names

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of gotranāman

gotranāman - family name, lineage name

Compound of gotra (family, lineage) and nāman (name).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (gotra+nāman)

• gotra – cow-pen, family, lineage, clan
  noun (neuter)
• nāman – name, appellation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates the means by which they called out.

अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of anyonya

anyonya - each other, mutual, reciprocal

Compound anya + anya.

Note: Object of calling out.

क्रन्दन्तः (krandantaḥ) - crying out, wailing, shouting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of krandat

krandat - crying, screaming, lamenting, shouting

Present Active Participle

From root krand (to cry, shout).

Root: krand (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subjects.

जीवितैषिणः (jīvitaiṣiṇaḥ) - desiring to live, seeking life

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jīvitaiṣin

jīvitaiṣin - desiring to live, seeking life

Compound of jīvita (life) and eṣin (desiring).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (jīvita+eṣin)

• jīvita – life, livelihood, living
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root jīv (to live).
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• eṣin – desiring, wishing, seeking
  adjective
  Agent noun
  From root iṣ (to desire) with ṇin suffix.
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with the implied subjects.