महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-35, verse-11

तमुदीक्ष्य तथायान्तं सर्वे द्रोणपुरोगमाः ।
अभ्यवर्तन्त कौरव्याः पाण्डवाश्च तमन्वयुः ॥११॥

11. tamudīkṣya tathāyāntaṁ sarve droṇapurogamāḥ ,
abhyavartanta kauravyāḥ pāṇḍavāśca tamanvayuḥ.

11. tam udīkṣya tathā āyāntam sarve droṇapurogamāḥ
abhyavartanta kauravyāḥ pāṇḍavāḥ ca tam anvayuḥ

11. tam tathā āyāntam udīkṣya droṇapurogamāḥ sarve
kauravyāḥ abhyavartanta ca pāṇḍavāḥ tam anvayuḥ

11. Seeing him thus approaching, all the Kauravas led by Drona turned to face him, while the Pandavas followed him.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• उदीक्ष्य (udīkṣya) - having seen, observing

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - him who was approaching

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• द्रोणपुरोगमाः (droṇapurogamāḥ) - those led by Drona, Drona in front

• अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - they turned to face, they turned towards

• कौरव्याः (kauravyāḥ) - the Kauravas

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas

• च (ca) - and

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• अन्वयुः (anvayuḥ) - they followed

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Abhimanyu.

उदीक्ष्य (udīkṣya) - having seen, observing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

derived from root `īkṣ` (to see) with prefix `ud` and suffix `lyap`

Prefix: ud

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies `āyāntam`.

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - him who was approaching

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyānt

āyānt - approaching, coming

Present Active Participle

derived from root `yā` (to go) with prefix `ā` and suffix `śatṛ`

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Adjective modifying `tam`.

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Adjective for `droṇapurogamāḥ`.

द्रोणपुरोगमाः (droṇapurogamāḥ) - those led by Drona, Drona in front

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of droṇapurogama

droṇapurogama - having Drona as their leader, Drona being at the forefront

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (droṇa+puras+gama)

• droṇa – Drona (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• puras – in front, before, eastward
  indeclinable
• gama – going, moving, leading
  adjective (masculine)
  derived from root `gam` (to go) with suffix `ḍa`
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of `abhyavartanta`.

अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - they turned to face, they turned towards

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhi-ava-vṛt

Imperfect 3rd person plural, middle voice

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)

कौरव्याः (kauravyāḥ) - the Kauravas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kauravya

kauravya - descendant of Kuru, Kaurava

patronymic from Kuru

Note: Subject of `abhyavartanta`, synonymous with `droṇapurogamāḥ` in this context.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, Pandava

patronymic from Pandu

Note: Subject of `anvayuḥ`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Abhimanyu. Object of `anvayuḥ`.

अन्वयुः (anvayuḥ) - they followed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of anu-i

Perfect 3rd person plural

Prefix: anu

Root: i (class 2)