महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-35, verse-13

ते विंशतिपदे यत्ताः संप्रहारं प्रचक्रिरे ।
आसीद्गाङ्ग इवावर्तो मुहूर्तमुदधेरिव ॥१३॥

13. te viṁśatipade yattāḥ saṁprahāraṁ pracakrire ,
āsīdgāṅga ivāvarto muhūrtamudadheriva.

13. te viṃśatipade yattāḥ saṃprahāram pracakrire
āsīt gāṅgaḥ iva āvartaḥ muhūrtam udadheḥ iva

13. te viṃśatipade yattāḥ saṃprahāram pracakrire
muhūrtam gāṅgaḥ āvartaḥ iva udadheḥ iva āsīt

13. Ready at twenty paces, they commenced a fierce battle. For a moment, it was like a whirlpool of the Ganga, or indeed, of the ocean itself.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they

• विंशतिपदे (viṁśatipade) - at twenty paces

• यत्ताः (yattāḥ) - ready, prepared, engaged

• संप्रहारम् (saṁprahāram) - a fierce battle, mutual assault

• प्रचक्रिरे (pracakrire) - they commenced, performed, made

• आसीत् (āsīt) - it was, there was

• गाङ्गः (gāṅgaḥ) - of the Ganga, related to the Ganga

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• आवर्तः (āvartaḥ) - whirlpool, eddy

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment

• उदधेः (udadheḥ) - of the ocean

• इव (iva) - like, as if

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the combatants (Kauravas and Pandavas).

विंशतिपदे (viṁśatipade) - at twenty paces

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of viṃśatipadam

viṁśatipadam - twenty paces, a distance of twenty steps

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṃśati+pada)

• viṃśati – twenty
  numeral (feminine)
• pada – foot, step, pace
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates the distance at which the battle started.

यत्ताः (yattāḥ) - ready, prepared, engaged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yatta

yatta - prepared, ready, engaged, exerting oneself, restrained

Past Passive Participle

derived from root `yat` (to exert, to strive) with suffix `kta`

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Adjective for `te`.

संप्रहारम् (saṁprahāram) - a fierce battle, mutual assault

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃprahāra

saṁprahāra - fierce battle, close combat, mutual assault

Derived from root `hṛ` (to strike, take) with prefixes `sam` and `pra`.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of `pracakrire`.

प्रचक्रिरे (pracakrire) - they commenced, performed, made

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (liṭ) of pra-kṛ

Perfect 3rd person plural (ātmanepada)

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

आसीत् (āsīt) - it was, there was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect 3rd person singular

Root: as (class 2)

गाङ्गः (gāṅgaḥ) - of the Ganga, related to the Ganga

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāṅga

gāṅga - belonging to the Ganga, produced in the Ganga

derived from Ganga with suffix `aṇ`

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

आवर्तः (āvartaḥ) - whirlpool, eddy

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āvarta

āvarta - whirlpool, eddy, turning, revolution

derived from root `vṛt` (to turn) with prefix `ā`

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for `āsīt`.

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - moment, short time, period of 48 minutes

Note: Adverbial accusative, indicating duration.

उदधेः (udadheḥ) - of the ocean

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of udadhi

udadhi - ocean, sea

`ud` (water) + `dhā` (to hold), hence 'holder of water'

Note: Possessive, 'of the ocean'.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.