महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-35, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
सौभद्रस्तु वचः श्रुत्वा धर्मराजस्य धीमतः ।
अचोदयत यन्तारं द्रोणानीकाय भारत ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
saubhadrastu vacaḥ śrutvā dharmarājasya dhīmataḥ ,
acodayata yantāraṁ droṇānīkāya bhārata.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca | saubhadraḥ tu vacaḥ śrutvā dharmarājasya
dhīmataḥ | acodayata yantāram droṇānīkāya bhārata

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca bhārata,
tu saubhadraḥ dhīmataḥ dharmarājasya vacaḥ śrutvā yantāram droṇānīkāya acodayata.

1. Saṃjaya said: "But Abhimanyu, having heard the words of the wise king of natural law (dharma) (Yuḍhiṣṭhira), then commanded his charioteer towards Droṇa's army, O Bhārata."

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सौभद्रः (saubhadraḥ) - Abhimanyu (son of Subhadrā (Abhimanyu))

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• धर्मराजस्य (dharmarājasya) - of Yuḍhiṣṭhira, the king of natural law (dharma) (of the king of righteousness (dharma))

• धीमतः (dhīmataḥ) - of the wise Yuḍhiṣṭhira (of the wise one, intelligent)

• अचोदयत (acodayata) - he urged, he commanded

• यन्तारम् (yantāram) - charioteer

• द्रोणानीकाय (droṇānīkāya) - towards Droṇa's army/formation

• भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (as Saṃjaya is speaking to him) (O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (charioteer of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

root 'vac' becomes 'uvac' in perfect

Root: vac (class 2)

सौभद्रः (saubhadraḥ) - Abhimanyu (son of Subhadrā (Abhimanyu))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saubhadra

saubhadra - son of Subhadrā

derived from Subhadrā with a patronymic suffix

Note: Subject of 'acodayata'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or contrasting particle.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - speech, word, utterance

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

root śru + ktvā suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Indicates a preceding action.

धर्मराजस्य (dharmarājasya) - of Yuḍhiṣṭhira, the king of natural law (dharma) (of the king of righteousness (dharma))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of natural law (dharma), king of righteousness

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – natural law (dharma), righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Possessive, refers to Yuḍhiṣṭhira.

धीमतः (dhīmataḥ) - of the wise Yuḍhiṣṭhira (of the wise one, intelligent)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - wise, intelligent, thoughtful

dhī (intellect) + matup (possessive suffix)

Note: Agrees with 'dharmarājasya'.

अचोदयत (acodayata) - he urged, he commanded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of cud

imperfect middle

causative of cud, then imperfect middle

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Middle voice implies the action is for oneself or one's own benefit, or the agent is closely involved with the object (e.g., one's own charioteer).

यन्तारम् (yantāram) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yantṛ

yantṛ - driver, charioteer, controller

agent noun

root yam (to control) + tṛc suffix

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'acodayata'.

द्रोणानीकाय (droṇānīkāya) - towards Droṇa's army/formation

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of droṇānīka

droṇānīka - Droṇa's army

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (droṇa+anīka)

• droṇa – Droṇa (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, host, array
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates direction or purpose.

भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (as Saṃjaya is speaking to him) (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to Bharata, Indian

patronymic from Bharata

Note: Saṃjaya's address to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra.