महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-16, verse-42

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
श्रुतमेतत्त्वया तात यद्द्रोणस्य चिकीर्षितम् ।
यथा तदनृतं तस्य भवेत्तद्वत्समाचर ॥४२॥

42. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
śrutametattvayā tāta yaddroṇasya cikīrṣitam ,
yathā tadanṛtaṁ tasya bhavettadvatsamācara.

42. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca śrutam etat tvayā tāta yat droṇasya
cikīrṣitam yathā tat anṛtam tasya bhavet tadvat samācara

42. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca tāta tvayā yat droṇasya cikīrṣitam
etat śrutam yathā tat tasya anṛtam bhavet tadvat samācara

42. Yudhishthira said: "Dear sir, you have heard what Drona intends to do. Act in such a way that his intention becomes false."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard, listened, understood

• एतत् (etat) - this

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• तात (tāta) - Used as an address of respect or affection, 'dear sir', addressing Arjuna. (dear, father, sir)

• यत् (yat) - 'what' in reference to Drona's intention. (what, which, that)

• द्रोणस्य (droṇasya) - of Drona

• चिकीर्षितम् (cikīrṣitam) - Drona's intention or wish to do something (likely capture Yudhishthira, as per the context of the larger narrative). (intended, desired, wished to be done)

• यथा (yathā) - how, as, in such a way that

• तत् (tat) - Refers to Drona's intention (cikīrṣitam). (that)

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - 'false' or 'unrealized'. (untrue, false, a lie)

• तस्य (tasya) - 'for him' (dative/genitive sense of purpose), referring to Drona. (of him, his)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may it be, should it be, let it be

• तद्वत् (tadvat) - accordingly, in that manner, like that

• समाचर (samācara) - 'you act' (imperative). (act, behave)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, Yudhishthira (son of Pandu, eldest of the Pandavas)

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm)

Compound type : aluk tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war
  indeclinable
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard, listened, understood

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, revealed, famous

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śru (to hear) + suffix -ta

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective or noun.

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Second person pronoun

Note: Agent in a passive construction.

तात (tāta) - Used as an address of respect or affection, 'dear sir', addressing Arjuna. (dear, father, sir)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear, sir, child

यत् (yat) - 'what' in reference to Drona's intention. (what, which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun introducing a clause.

द्रोणस्य (droṇasya) - of Drona

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (a revered teacher of the Pandavas and Kauravas)

चिकीर्षितम् (cikīrṣitam) - Drona's intention or wish to do something (likely capture Yudhishthira, as per the context of the larger narrative). (intended, desired, wished to be done)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cikīrṣita

cikīrṣita - wished to be done, intended, purposed

Past Passive Participle (from desiderative stem)

Derived from the desiderative stem of root kṛ (to do) + suffix -ta

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions as a noun.

यथा (yathā) - how, as, in such a way that

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a clause of manner or purpose.

तत् (tat) - Refers to Drona's intention (cikīrṣitam). (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - 'false' or 'unrealized'. (untrue, false, a lie)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untrue, false, falsehood, lie

Compound: a (negation) + ṛta (truth)

Compound type : nañ tatpuruṣa (a+ṛta)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• ṛta – truth, cosmic order, right
  noun (neuter)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tat'.

तस्य (tasya) - 'for him' (dative/genitive sense of purpose), referring to Drona. (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him

Note: Refers to Drona.

भवेत् (bhavet) - may it be, should it be, let it be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

तद्वत् (tadvat) - accordingly, in that manner, like that

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad (that) + -vat (suffix for comparison/manner)

समाचर (samācara) - 'you act' (imperative). (act, behave)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of samācar

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: car (class 1)