महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-16, verse-37

एवमुक्त्वा ततो राजंस्तेऽभ्यवर्तन्त संयुगे ।
आह्वयन्तोऽर्जुनं वीराः पितृजुष्टां दिशं प्रति ॥३७॥

37. evamuktvā tato rājaṁste'bhyavartanta saṁyuge ,
āhvayanto'rjunaṁ vīrāḥ pitṛjuṣṭāṁ diśaṁ prati.

37. evam uktvā tataḥ rājan te abhyavartanta saṃyuge
āhvayantaḥ arjunam vīrāḥ pitṛjuṣṭām diśam prati

37. rājan evam uktvā tataḥ te vīrāḥ saṃyuge arjunam
āhvayantaḥ pitṛjuṣṭām diśam prati abhyavartanta

37. O King, having spoken thus, those heroes then advanced into battle, challenging Arjuna as they moved towards the direction frequented by ancestors (pitṛs).

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Sañjaya. (O king)

• ते (te) - refers to the heroes (vīrāḥ). (they, those)

• अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - they advanced, they proceeded

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in conflict

• आह्वयन्तः (āhvayantaḥ) - Challenging Arjuna to fight. (calling out, challenging)

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - The Pandava hero. (Arjuna)

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - Refers to the warriors mentioned implicitly in the preceding verses. (heroes, brave men)

• पितृजुष्टाम् (pitṛjuṣṭām) - Refers to the Southern direction, which is traditionally associated with Yama and the Pitṛs. (frequented by ancestors, dedicated to ancestors)

• दिशम् (diśam) - Refers to the southern direction. (direction, quarter)

• प्रति (prati) - towards, to, in the direction of

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

Note: Modifies 'uktvā'.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root √vac (to speak), with participial stem ukta.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from pronominal stem tad.

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Sañjaya. (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

N-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

ते (te) - refers to the heroes (vīrāḥ). (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Pronominal stem.

Note: Subject of 'abhyavartanta'.

अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - they advanced, they proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of abhyavṛt

From root √vṛt (to turn, be) with prefixes abhi + ava.

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Historical past action.

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, war, encounter, conflict

From prefix sam + √yuj (to join, unite).

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Specifies the setting for the action.

आह्वयन्तः (āhvayantaḥ) - Challenging Arjuna to fight. (calling out, challenging)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āhvayat

āhvayat - calling, invoking, challenging

Present Active Participle

From root √hve (to call) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

Note: Describes the manner of their advancing.

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - The Pandava hero. (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - white, clear; name of a hero (Arjuna)

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - Refers to the warriors mentioned implicitly in the preceding verses. (heroes, brave men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, warrior, man

From root √vī (to be strong).

Root: vī

Note: Reinforces 'te'.

पितृजुष्टाम् (pitṛjuṣṭām) - Refers to the Southern direction, which is traditionally associated with Yama and the Pitṛs. (frequented by ancestors, dedicated to ancestors)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pitṛjuṣṭa

pitṛjuṣṭa - frequented or favored by ancestors (pitṛs)

Tatpurusha compound of pitṛ (ancestor) and juṣṭa (frequented, served, favored).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+juṣṭa)

• pitṛ – father, ancestor, forefathers (pitṛs)
  noun (masculine)
• juṣṭa – loved, favored, served, frequented, agreeable
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √juṣ (to please, frequent).
  Root: juṣ (class 1)

दिशम् (diśam) - Refers to the southern direction. (direction, quarter)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky, region

Root noun.

Root: diś (class 6)

प्रति (prati) - towards, to, in the direction of

(indeclinable)

Can function as a prefix or postposition.