महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-16, verse-40

एष च भ्रातृभिः सार्धं सुशर्माह्वयते रणे ।
वधाय सगणस्यास्य मामनुज्ञातुमर्हसि ॥४०॥

40. eṣa ca bhrātṛbhiḥ sārdhaṁ suśarmāhvayate raṇe ,
vadhāya sagaṇasyāsya māmanujñātumarhasi.

40. eṣaḥ ca bhrātṛbhiḥ sārdham suśarmā āhvayate
raṇe vadhāya sagṇasya asya mām anujñātum arhasi

40. eṣaḥ suśarmā ca bhrātṛbhiḥ sārdham raṇe āhvayate.
asya sagaṇasya vadhāya mām anujñātum arhasi.

40. And this Suśarman, along with his brothers, is challenging me in battle. You ought to permit me to kill this entire host of his.

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

• च (ca) - and, also

• भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - by brothers, with brothers

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - with, together with

• सुशर्मा (suśarmā) - Suśarman (name of a king)

• आह्वयते (āhvayate) - he challenges, he calls

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• वधाय (vadhāya) - for the killing, for destruction

• सगणस्य (sagaṇasya) - of his host/army (of the host, of the retinue)

• अस्य (asya) - of this, his

• माम् (mām) - me

• अनुज्ञातुम् (anujñātum) - to permit, to allow

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you should, you deserve

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, here, referring to immediate presence

Note: Refers to Suśarman.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - by brothers, with brothers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Used with `sārdham` (with).

सार्धम् (sārdham) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

सुशर्मा (suśarmā) - Suśarman (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suśarman

suśarman - Suśarman (name of the king of Trigartas)

आह्वयते (āhvayate) - he challenges, he calls

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of āhvā

Present Tense

From prefix `ā` + root `hvā`

Prefix: ā

Root: hvā (class 1)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

Root: raṇ (class 1)

वधाय (vadhāya) - for the killing, for destruction

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaying, destruction

From root `vadh` (to strike, slay)

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Indicates purpose.

सगणस्य (sagaṇasya) - of his host/army (of the host, of the retinue)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sagaṇa

sagaṇa - with a retinue, with a troop, including his followers

Formed with prefix `sa` (with) + `gaṇa` (group, host)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+gaṇa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• gaṇa – group, host, troop, collection
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `asya`.

अस्य (asya) - of this, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, of this, his

Note: Refers to Suśarman.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Object of `anujñātum`.

अनुज्ञातुम् (anujñātum) - to permit, to allow

(verb)

infinitive (tumun) of anujñā

Infinitive

From prefix `anu` + `jñā` (to know, perceive, consent)

Prefix: anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used with `arhasi`.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you should, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Tense

From root `arh`

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'you' (Yudhishthira).