महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-16, verse-35

यद्यहत्वा वयं युद्धे निवर्तेम धनंजयम् ।
तेन चाभ्यर्दितास्त्रासाद्भवेम हि पराङ्मुखाः ॥३५॥

35. yadyahatvā vayaṁ yuddhe nivartema dhanaṁjayam ,
tena cābhyarditāstrāsādbhavema hi parāṅmukhāḥ.

35. yadi ahatvā vayam yuddhe nivartema dhanañjayam
tena ca abhyarditāḥ trāsāt bhavema hi parāṅmukhāḥ

35. yadi vayam dhanañjayam ahatvā yuddhe nivartema ca
tena abhyarditāḥ trāsāt hi parāṅmukhāḥ bhavema

35. If we were to withdraw from battle without killing Dhananjaya (Arjuna), then, afflicted by that (outcome), we would indeed turn away in fear.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if, in case

• अहत्वा (ahatvā) - without killing, without striking

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• निवर्तेम (nivartema) - we should return, we should withdraw

• धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Refers to Arjuna, a prominent warrior and one of the Pandavas. (Dhananjaya (Arjuna))

• तेन (tena) - referring to the act of withdrawing without killing Dhananjaya (by that, on account of that)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अभ्यर्दिताः (abhyarditāḥ) - distressed, afflicted, tormented

• त्रासात् (trāsāt) - from fear, due to terror

• भवेम (bhavema) - we would be, we should become

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• पराङ्मुखाः (parāṅmukhāḥ) - turned away, fleeing, deserters

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if, in case

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal stem ya + di

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

अहत्वा (ahatvā) - without killing, without striking

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) with negative prefix

Negative particle 'a' + Absolutive form of √han (to strike, kill).

Compound type : Avyayībhāva (a+hatvā)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• hatvā – having killed, after killing
  indeclinable
  Absolutive (Gerund)
  Formed with suffix -tvā from root √han (to kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Functions as an adverbial phrase modifying 'nivartema'.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun stem.

Note: Subject of the verbs 'nivartema' and 'bhavema'.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

From root √yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Specifies the location of the action.

निवर्तेम (nivartema) - we should return, we should withdraw

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of nivṛt

From root √vṛt (to turn, be) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Expresses a potential or hypothetical action.

धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Refers to Arjuna, a prominent warrior and one of the Pandavas. (Dhananjaya (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth (epithet for Arjuna, also fire)

Compound of dhana (wealth) and jaya (victory/conqueror).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, money
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  From root √ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of 'ahatvā'.

तेन (tena) - referring to the act of withdrawing without killing Dhananjaya (by that, on account of that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Pronominal stem.

Note: Indicates the cause or means.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

अभ्यर्दिताः (abhyarditāḥ) - distressed, afflicted, tormented

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhyardita

abhyardita - oppressed, afflicted, harassed, distressed

Past Passive Participle

From root √ṛd (to trouble, torment) with prefixes abhi + a.

Prefixes: abhi+a

Root: ṛd (class 5)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'vayam'.

त्रासात् (trāsāt) - from fear, due to terror

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of trāsa

trāsa - fear, terror, alarm

From root √tras (to tremble, be afraid).

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Indicates the cause or reason.

भवेम (bhavema) - we would be, we should become

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Root verb.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Conveys a potential or hypothetical outcome.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Adds emphasis.

पराङ्मुखाः (parāṅmukhāḥ) - turned away, fleeing, deserters

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parāṅmukha

parāṅmukha - having the face turned away, averted, hostile, averse, retreating, fleeing

Compound of parāc (turned away) and mukha (face).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (parāc+mukha)

• parāc – turned away, backward, averted
  adjective (masculine)
  From prefix parā + √añc (to bend, turn).
  Prefix: parā
  Root: añc (class 1)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'vayam', describes their state of being.