महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-16, verse-39

आहूतो न निवर्तेयमिति मे व्रतमाहितम् ।
संशप्तकाश्च मां राजन्नाह्वयन्ति पुनः पुनः ॥३९॥

39. āhūto na nivarteyamiti me vratamāhitam ,
saṁśaptakāśca māṁ rājannāhvayanti punaḥ punaḥ.

39. āhūtaḥ na nivarteya iti me vratam āhitam
saṃśaptakāḥ ca mām rājan āhvayanti punaḥ punaḥ

39. rājan,
"āhūtaḥ na nivarteya" iti me vratam āhitam,
ca saṃśaptakāḥ mām punaḥ punaḥ āhvayanti.

39. "Once summoned, I must not turn back," — this is the vow (vrata) I have undertaken. O King, the Saṃśaptakas are calling me again and again.

Words meanings summery:

• आहूतः (āhūtaḥ) - called, summoned

• न (na) - not

• निवर्तेय (nivarteya) - I must not turn back (used with `na`) (I should turn back / I must turn back)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech

• मे (me) - by me (as agent of `āhitam` or possessive for `vratam`) (my, by me, to me)

• व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, sacred duty, religious observance

• आहितम् (āhitam) - undertaken, placed, performed

• संशप्तकाः (saṁśaptakāḥ) - the Saṃśaptakas

• च (ca) - and, also

• माम् (mām) - me

• राजन् (rājan) - O Yudhishthira (O King)

• आह्वयन्ति (āhvayanti) - they are calling, they are summoning

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

Words meanings and morphology

आहूतः (āhūtaḥ) - called, summoned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhūta

āhūta - called, summoned, invited

Past Passive Participle

From prefix `ā` + root `hvā` (to call)

Prefix: ā

Root: hvā (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is 'I' (Arjuna).

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

निवर्तेय (nivarteya) - I must not turn back (used with `na`) (I should turn back / I must turn back)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of nivṛt

Optative

From prefix `ni` + root `vṛt`

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Expresses a wish, command, or duty.

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - by me (as agent of `āhitam` or possessive for `vratam`) (my, by me, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my

Note: Functions as a possessive ('my vow') or an agent ('by me') for the passive construction.

व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, sacred duty, religious observance

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - vow, religious observance, sacred duty, law

Root: vṛ (class 5)

आहितम् (āhitam) - undertaken, placed, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āhita

āhita - placed, fixed, deposited, undertaken

Past Passive Participle

From prefix `ā` + root `dhā` (to place, set)

Prefix: ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

संशप्तकाः (saṁśaptakāḥ) - the Saṃśaptakas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃśaptaka

saṁśaptaka - those who have sworn together, especially an oath to die or conquer

From `sam` (together) + `śap` (to swear) + `taka` (suffix forming agent noun from past participle)

Prefix: sam

Root: śap (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Object of `āhvayanti`.

राजन् (rājan) - O Yudhishthira (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

आह्वयन्ति (āhvayanti) - they are calling, they are summoning

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of āhvā

Present Tense

From prefix `ā` + root `hvā`

Prefix: ā

Root: hvā (class 1)

Note: Subject is `saṃśaptakāḥ`.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for emphasis: 'again and again'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)