महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-16, verse-18

सहिता भ्रातरः पञ्च रथानामयुतेन च ।
न्यवर्तन्त महाराज कृत्वा शपथमाहवे ॥१८॥

18. sahitā bhrātaraḥ pañca rathānāmayutena ca ,
nyavartanta mahārāja kṛtvā śapathamāhave.

18. sahitāḥ bhrātaraḥ pañca rathānām ayutena ca
nyavartanta mahārāja kṛtvā śapatham āhave

18. mahārāja pañca sahitāḥ bhrātaraḥ ca rathānām
ayutena āhave śapatham kṛtvā nyavartanta

18. O great king, the five united brothers, accompanied by ten thousand chariots, returned after having taken an oath for battle.

Words meanings summery:

• सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - accompanied, united, joined, endowed with

• भ्रातरः (bhrātaraḥ) - brothers

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• रथानाम् (rathānām) - of chariots

• अयुतेन (ayutena) - by ten thousand, with ten thousand

• च (ca) - and, also

• न्यवर्तन्त (nyavartanta) - they returned, they turned back

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having taken

• शपथम् (śapatham) - oath, vow

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, for battle, in a fight

Words meanings and morphology

सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - accompanied, united, joined, endowed with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahita

sahita - joined, accompanied by, connected with; furnished with, possessed of

Past Passive Participle

From prefix sa- (with) and hita (placed, joined), past passive participle of √dhā or √hi.

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'bhrātaraḥ'.

भ्रातरः (bhrātaraḥ) - brothers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(adjective)

Nominative, plural of pañcan

pañcan - five (numeral)

Note: Declines as a plural in all genders, but often treated as an indeclinable in nominative/accusative plural.

रथानाम् (rathānām) - of chariots

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

अयुतेन (ayutena) - by ten thousand, with ten thousand

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ayuta

ayuta - ten thousand (10,000)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

न्यवर्तन्त (nyavartanta) - they returned, they turned back

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of nī-vṛt

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Ātmanepada form.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having taken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Formed with the suffix -tvā from the root kṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

शपथम् (śapatham) - oath, vow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śapatha

śapatha - oath, imprecation, curse

From root śap (to curse, to swear).

Root: śap (class 1)

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, for battle, in a fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, fight

From prefix ā- and root hu (to offer, to sacrifice), often implying a ritualistic combat.

Prefix: ā

Root: hu (class 3)