महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-16, verse-12

वयं विनिकृता राजन्सदा गाण्डीवधन्वना ।
अनागःस्वपि चागस्कृदस्मासु भरतर्षभ ॥१२॥

12. vayaṁ vinikṛtā rājansadā gāṇḍīvadhanvanā ,
anāgaḥsvapi cāgaskṛdasmāsu bharatarṣabha.

12. vayam vinikṛtāḥ rājan sadā gāṇḍīvadhanvanā |
anāgas-su api ca āgas-kṛt asmāsu bharatarṣabha

12. rājan bharatarṣabha vayam sadā gāṇḍīvadhanvanā
vinikṛtāḥ asmāsu anāgas-su api ca saḥ āgas-kṛt

12. O King, O best of the Bhāratas, we have always been humiliated by Arjuna, the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow. Even when we were innocent, he committed offenses against us.

Words meanings summery:

• वयम् (vayam) - we (the Trigartas) (we)

• विनिकृताः (vinikṛtāḥ) - humiliated (humiliated, injured, insulted)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O King)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, constantly)

• गाण्डीवधन्वना (gāṇḍīvadhanvanā) - by Arjuna, the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow (by the wielder of Gāṇḍīva (Arjuna))

• अनागस्-सु (anāgas-su) - even when we were innocent (when blameless, in the innocent)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also)

• च (ca) - and, also

• आगस्-कृत् (āgas-kṛt) - he committed offenses (referring to Arjuna as the perpetrator of wrong) (one who commits offense, wrongdoer)

• अस्मासु (asmāsu) - against us (in us, to us, among us)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bhāratas (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O best of Bhāratas)

Words meanings and morphology

वयम् (vayam) - we (the Trigartas) (we)

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

विनिकृताः (vinikṛtāḥ) - humiliated (humiliated, injured, insulted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vinikṛta

vinikṛta - humiliated, insulted, injured, tormented, wronged

Past Passive Participle

Formed from vi-ni-kṛ + kta (PPP suffix).

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective with an implied 'are/have been'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

सदा (sadā) - always (always, constantly)

(indeclinable)

गाण्डीवधन्वना (gāṇḍīvadhanvanā) - by Arjuna, the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow (by the wielder of Gāṇḍīva (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gāṇḍīvadhanvan

gāṇḍīvadhanvan - wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow (Arjuna)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gāṇḍīva+dhanvan)

• gāṇḍīva – name of Arjuna's bow
  proper noun (neuter)
• dhanvan – bow, archer
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agent of the passive verb vinikṛtāḥ.

अनागस्-सु (anāgas-su) - even when we were innocent (when blameless, in the innocent)

(adjective)

Locative, plural of anāgas

anāgas - blameless, innocent, faultless, guiltless

na (not) + āgas (fault/sin)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+āgas)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• āgas – offense, fault, crime, sin
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjectival use in locative plural, agreeing with implied 'us'.

अपि (api) - even (even, also)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आगस्-कृत् (āgas-kṛt) - he committed offenses (referring to Arjuna as the perpetrator of wrong) (one who commits offense, wrongdoer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgas-kṛt

āgas-kṛt - one who commits fault/sin, an offender, wrongdoer

agent noun

Formed from āgas (offense) + kṛt (doer, maker).

Compound type : tatpurusha (āgas+kṛt)

• āgas – offense, fault, crime, sin
  noun (neuter)
• kṛt – doer, maker, performing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/suffix
  From root kṛ (to do/make) with agent suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Implied subject is Arjuna.

अस्मासु (asmāsu) - against us (in us, to us, among us)

(pronoun)

Locative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: The locative can indicate 'with respect to' or 'against' in some contexts.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bhāratas (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O best of Bhāratas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of the Bhāratas, bull among Bhāratas (an epithet for eminent men in the Bhārata lineage)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata; a member of the Bhārata dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull; chief, best, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: An epithet for a king.