महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-51, verse-43

ततोऽवहारः सैन्यानां तव तेषां च भारत ।
अस्तं गच्छति सूर्येऽभूत्संध्याकाले च वर्तति ॥४३॥

43. tato'vahāraḥ sainyānāṁ tava teṣāṁ ca bhārata ,
astaṁ gacchati sūrye'bhūtsaṁdhyākāle ca vartati.

43. tataḥ avahāraḥ sainyānām tava teṣām ca bhārata
astam gacchati sūrye abhūt sandhyākāle ca vartati

43. bhārata tataḥ tava ca teṣām sainyānām avahāraḥ
abhūt sūrye astam gacchati ca sandhyākāle vartati

43. Then, O Bhārata, the withdrawal (avahāra) of your troops and theirs happened as the sun (sūrya) was setting and continued into the period of twilight (sandhyākāla).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• अवहारः (avahāraḥ) - withdrawal, retreat

• सैन्यानाम् (sainyānām) - of armies, of troops

• तव (tava) - your, of yours

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• च (ca) - and, also

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata

• अस्तम् (astam) - to the setting (place), to the west

• गच्छति (gacchati) - going, moving, approaching

• सूर्ये (sūrye) - in the sun, when the sun

• अभूत् (abhūt) - it was, it happened, it occurred

• सन्ध्याकाले (sandhyākāle) - at the time of twilight, at dusk

• च (ca) - and, also

• वर्तति (vartati) - continues, exists, happens

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks sequence of events.

अवहारः (avahāraḥ) - withdrawal, retreat

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avahāra

avahāra - withdrawal, retreat, taking away, removing

From ava-hṛ

Prefix: ava

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of abhūt.

सैन्यानाम् (sainyānām) - of armies, of troops

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sainya

sainya - army, troop, military force

From senā (army) + ya

तव (tava) - your, of yours

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the opposing (Pāṇḍava) armies.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects tava and teṣām.

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, addressed by Saṃjaya.

अस्तम् (astam) - to the setting (place), to the west

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asta

asta - setting, west, home, end

Note: Used adverbially with gacchati.

गच्छति (gacchati) - going, moving, approaching

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction sūrye astam gacchati.

सूर्ये (sūrye) - in the sun, when the sun

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, sun god

Note: Part of locative absolute construction, 'when the sun was setting'.

अभूत् (abhūt) - it was, it happened, it occurred

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Denotes a past occurrence.

सन्ध्याकाले (sandhyākāle) - at the time of twilight, at dusk

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sandhyākāla

sandhyākāla - twilight, evening time, dusk

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sandhyā+kāla)

• sandhyā – twilight, evening, junction of day and night
  noun (feminine)
• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative of time.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two temporal clauses.

वर्तति (vartati) - continues, exists, happens

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of twilight.