महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-51, verse-21

प्रणेदुः सर्वभूतानि बभूवुस्तिमिरा दिशः ।
कुरूणामनयस्तीव्रः समदृश्यत दारुणः ॥२१॥

21. praṇeduḥ sarvabhūtāni babhūvustimirā diśaḥ ,
kurūṇāmanayastīvraḥ samadṛśyata dāruṇaḥ.

21. praṇeduḥ sarvabhūtāni babhūvuḥ timirāḥ diśaḥ
kurūṇām anayaḥ tīvraḥ samadṛśyata dāruṇaḥ

21. sarvabhūtāni praṇeduḥ.
diśaḥ timirāḥ babhūvuḥ.
kurūṇām tīvraḥ dāruṇaḥ anayaḥ samadṛśyata

21. All beings roared, and the directions became dark. The intense and dreadful misgovernance of the Kurus became apparent.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रणेदुः (praṇeduḥ) - they roared, they cried out

• सर्वभूतानि (sarvabhūtāni) - all beings, all creatures

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became, they were

• तिमिराः (timirāḥ) - dark, gloomy

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters (of the sky)

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

• अनयः (anayaḥ) - misgovernance, ill-policy (leading to disaster) (injustice, misconduct, impolicy, misfortune)

• तीव्रः (tīvraḥ) - intense, severe, fierce

• समदृश्यत (samadṛśyata) - was seen, became visible, appeared

• दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - dreadful, terrible, fearful

Words meanings and morphology

प्रणेदुः (praṇeduḥ) - they roared, they cried out

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect past (lit) of nad

perfect past tense, third person plural

From root nad with prefix pra. pra-ṇad -> pra-ṇeduḥ (perfect form).

Prefix: pra

Root: nad (class 1)

सर्वभूतानि (sarvabhūtāni) - all beings, all creatures

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, all creatures

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun
• bhūta – being, creature
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be, become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The word bhūta itself is a past passive participle of bhū, but here it functions as a noun.

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect past (lit) of bhū

perfect past tense, third person plural

Reduplicated perfect form of root bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

तिमिराः (timirāḥ) - dark, gloomy

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of timira

timira - dark, darkness, gloom

Root: tim

Note: Agrees with diśaḥ.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters (of the sky)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Subject of babhūvuḥ.

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of a dynasty/tribe)

अनयः (anayaḥ) - misgovernance, ill-policy (leading to disaster) (injustice, misconduct, impolicy, misfortune)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anaya

anaya - injustice, misconduct, impolicy, misfortune

Negative prefix an- + naya (policy, conduct, leading).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+naya)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• naya – policy, conduct, leadership
  noun (masculine)
  From root nī (to lead)
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Subject of samadṛśyata.

तीव्रः (tīvraḥ) - intense, severe, fierce

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tīvra

tīvra - intense, severe, fierce, sharp

Note: Agrees with anayaḥ.

समदृश्यत (samadṛśyata) - was seen, became visible, appeared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperfect past (laṅ) of dṛś

imperfect past tense, third person singular

From root dṛś (to see) with prefix sam. The a is the augment for the imperfect. The ya is for passive voice.

Prefix: sam

Root: dṛś (class 1)

दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - dreadful, terrible, fearful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - dreadful, terrible, fearful, harsh

Note: Agrees with anayaḥ.