महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-51, verse-15

संनिवृत्ते तव सुते सर्व एव जनाधिपाः ।
आर्जुनिं रथवंशेन समन्तात्पर्यवारयन् ॥१५॥

15. saṁnivṛtte tava sute sarva eva janādhipāḥ ,
ārjuniṁ rathavaṁśena samantātparyavārayan.

15. saṃnivṛtte tava sute sarve eva janādhipāḥ
ārjunim rathavaṃśena samantāt paryavārayan

15. tava sute saṃnivṛtte sarve eva janādhipāḥ
rathavaṃśena samantāt ārjunim paryavārayan

15. When your son (Duryodhana) returned, all the kings (janādhipāḥ) surrounded Arjuna's son (ārjuni) from all sides with lines of chariots.

Words meanings summery:

• संनिवृत्ते (saṁnivṛtte) - having returned, turned back

• तव (tava) - your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) (your)

• सुते (sute) - son (Duryodhana) (son)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, truly

• जनाधिपाः (janādhipāḥ) - kings, lords of men

• आर्जुनिम् (ārjunim) - Arjuna's son (Abhimanyu) (Arjuna's son)

• रथवंशेन (rathavaṁśena) - with lines of chariots, with rows of chariots

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around

• पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded

Words meanings and morphology

संनिवृत्ते (saṁnivṛtte) - having returned, turned back

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃnivṛtta

saṁnivṛtta - returned, turned back, ceased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛt with upasargas sam and ni.

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Locative absolute construction with 'sute'. Meaning 'when he returned'.

तव (tava) - your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

सुते (sute) - son (Duryodhana) (son)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Derived from root sū (to beget).

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Forms a locative absolute with 'saṃnivṛtte'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'janādhipāḥ'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, truly

(indeclinable)

जनाधिपाः (janādhipāḥ) - kings, lords of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of janādhipa

janādhipa - lord of men, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+adhipa)

• jana – people, men
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'paryavārayan'.

आर्जुनिम् (ārjunim) - Arjuna's son (Abhimanyu) (Arjuna's son)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārjuni

ārjuni - son of Arjuna

Patronymic from Arjuna.

Note: Object of 'paryavārayan'.

रथवंशेन (rathavaṁśena) - with lines of chariots, with rows of chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rathavaṃśa

rathavaṁśa - line/row of chariots

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+vaṃśa)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• vaṃśa – line, row, race
  noun (masculine)

Note: Means of surrounding.

समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pari-ava-vṛ

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural, causative form of root vṛ with upasargas pari and ava.

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)