महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-51, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
गतापराह्णभूयिष्ठे तस्मिन्नहनि भारत ।
रथनागाश्वपत्तीनां सादिनां च महाक्षये ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
gatāparāhṇabhūyiṣṭhe tasminnahani bhārata ,
rathanāgāśvapattīnāṁ sādināṁ ca mahākṣaye.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca gatāparāhṇabhūyiṣṭhe tasmin ahani
bhārata rathanāgāśvapattīnām sādinām ca mahākṣaye

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca.
bhārata,
tasmin ahani,
gatāparāhṇabhūyiṣṭhe,
rathanāgāśvapattīnām sādinām ca mahākṣaye

1. Saṃjaya said: O descendant of Bharata (Bhārata), on that day, when the greater part of the afternoon had passed, amidst the immense destruction of chariots, elephants, horses, foot-soldiers, and riders...

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• गतापराह्णभूयिष्ठे (gatāparāhṇabhūyiṣṭhe) - when the major part of the afternoon had passed

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• अहनि (ahani) - on the day, in the day

• भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O Bhārata, O descendant of Bharata)

• रथनागाश्वपत्तीनाम् (rathanāgāśvapattīnām) - of chariots, elephants, horses, and foot-soldiers

• सादिनाम् (sādinām) - of riders

• च (ca) - and

• महाक्षये (mahākṣaye) - in the great destruction

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (proper name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Archaic perfect form of 'vac'.

गतापराह्णभूयिष्ठे (gatāparāhṇabhūyiṣṭhe) - when the major part of the afternoon had passed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gatāparāhṇabhūyiṣṭha

gatāparāhṇabhūyiṣṭha - when the major part of the afternoon has passed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gata+aparāhṇa+bhūyiṣṭha)

• gata – gone, passed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• aparāhṇa – afternoon
  noun (masculine)
• bhūyiṣṭha – most numerous, greatest, major part
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'bahu'

Note: Agrees with 'ahani'.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'ahani'.

अहनि (ahani) - on the day, in the day

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O Bhārata, O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to Bharata; an Indian

Vocative form, addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, to whom Saṃjaya is speaking.

रथनागाश्वपत्तीनाम् (rathanāgāśvapattīnām) - of chariots, elephants, horses, and foot-soldiers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathanāgāśvapatti

rathanāgāśvapatti - chariots, elephants, horses, and foot-soldiers (a collective term for an army's components)

Compound type : dvandva (ratha+nāga+aśva+patti)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• nāga – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• patti – foot-soldier, infantry
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to different components of the army.

सादिनाम् (sādinām) - of riders

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sādin

sādin - rider (on a horse or elephant), charioteer

Derived from root 'sad' (to sit) with suffix '-in'

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Refers to those who sit upon (mounts).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'rathanāgāśvapattīnām' and 'sādinām'.

महाक्षये (mahākṣaye) - in the great destruction

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahākṣaya

mahākṣaya - great destruction, great loss

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+kṣaya)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• kṣaya – destruction, decay, loss
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the context of the battle.