महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-51, verse-3

स लोकविदितानश्वान्निजघान महाबलः ।
द्रौणेः पाञ्चालदायादः शितैर्दशभिराशुगैः ॥३॥

3. sa lokaviditānaśvānnijaghāna mahābalaḥ ,
drauṇeḥ pāñcāladāyādaḥ śitairdaśabhirāśugaiḥ.

3. saḥ lokaviditān aśvān nijaghāna mahābalaḥ
drauṇeḥ pāñcāladāyādaḥ śitaiḥ daśabhiḥ āśugaiḥ

3. saḥ mahābalaḥ pāñcāladāyādaḥ śitaiḥ daśabhiḥ
āśugaiḥ drauṇeḥ lokaviditān aśvān nijaghāna

3. That very powerful Pāñcāla heir (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) struck down Droṇa's son's (Aśvatthāmā's) horses, which were renowned throughout the world, with ten sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (one)

• लोकविदितान् (lokaviditān) - known to the world, famous

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

• निजघान (nijaghāna) - he struck down, killed

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - the very powerful one

• द्रौणेः (drauṇeḥ) - of Droṇa's son (Aśvatthāmā) (of Droṇa's son)

• पाञ्चालदायादः (pāñcāladāyādaḥ) - the Pāñcāla heir (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (the Pāñcāla heir)

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

• आशुगैः (āśugaiḥ) - with arrows (literally 'swift-goers') (with arrows)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'pāñcāladāyādaḥ'.

लोकविदितान् (lokaviditān) - known to the world, famous

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of lokavidita

lokavidita - known in the world, famous

Past Passive Participle

Compound 'loka' (world) and 'vidita' (known, past participle of 'vid')

Compound type : tatpurusha (loka+vidita)

• loka – world, people
  noun (masculine)
• vidita – known, understood
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'vid' (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'aśvān'.

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

Note: Object of 'nijaghāna'.

निजघान (nijaghāna) - he struck down, killed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of han

Perfect tense (liṭ) of root 'han' with upasarga 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - the very powerful one

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - very powerful, mighty, strong

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'pāñcāladāyādaḥ'.

द्रौणेः (drauṇeḥ) - of Droṇa's son (Aśvatthāmā) (of Droṇa's son)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā)

Patronymic derived from Droṇa

Note: Possessive, referring to the horses of Droṇa's son.

पाञ्चालदायादः (pāñcāladāyādaḥ) - the Pāñcāla heir (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (the Pāñcāla heir)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāñcāladāyāda

pāñcāladāyāda - heir of Pāñcāla (Dhṛṣṭadyumna)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpurusha (pāñcāla+dāyāda)

• pāñcāla – Pāñcāla (name of a country/tribe)
  proper noun (masculine)
• dāyāda – heir, descendant
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Dhṛṣṭadyumna.

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharp, sharpened, keen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'śo' or 'śā' (to sharpen, whet)

Root: śā (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'āśugaiḥ'.

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'āśugaiḥ'.

आशुगैः (āśugaiḥ) - with arrows (literally 'swift-goers') (with arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āśuga

āśuga - arrow (lit. swift-goer)

Compound 'āśu' (swift) and 'ga' (goer, from root 'gam')

Compound type : upapada-tatpurusha (āśu+ga)

• āśu – swift, quick
  adjective (masculine)
• ga – goer, moving
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Means 'arrows'.