महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-51, verse-42

एवमुक्त्वा ततो भीष्मो द्रोणमाचार्यसत्तमम् ।
अवहारमथो चक्रे तावकानां महारथः ॥४२॥

42. evamuktvā tato bhīṣmo droṇamācāryasattamam ,
avahāramatho cakre tāvakānāṁ mahārathaḥ.

42. evam uktvā tataḥ bhīṣmaḥ droṇam ācāryasattamam
avahāram atho cakre tāvakānām mahārathaḥ

42. evam uktvā tataḥ mahārathaḥ bhīṣmaḥ ācāryasattamam
droṇam atho tāvakānām avahāram cakre

42. Having spoken thus, Bhishma (bhīṣmaḥ), that great warrior (mahārathaḥ), then ordered the withdrawal (avahāra) of your troops, addressing Drona (droṇam), the foremost of teachers.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona

• आचार्यसत्तमम् (ācāryasattamam) - best of teachers, foremost preceptor

• अवहारम् (avahāram) - withdrawal, retreat

• अथो (atho) - and then, moreover

• चक्रे (cakre) - he made, he did, he performed

• तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - of your (people/troops)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior, great chariot fighter

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the preceding speech.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From vac + ktvā

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks sequence of events.

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (proper name)

Note: Object of the implied verb of speaking/addressing.

आचार्यसत्तमम् (ācāryasattamam) - best of teachers, foremost preceptor

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ācāryasattama

ācāryasattama - best of teachers, foremost among preceptors

Superlative of ācārya

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ācārya+sattama)

• ācārya – teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide (guru)
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective
  Superlative suffix -tama

Note: Epithet for Drona, agrees with droṇam.

अवहारम् (avahāram) - withdrawal, retreat

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avahāra

avahāra - withdrawal, retreat, taking away

From ava-hṛ

Prefix: ava

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of cakre.

अथो (atho) - and then, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects actions.

चक्रे (cakre) - he made, he did, he performed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Verb in ātmanepada.

तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - of your (people/troops)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, belonging to you (plural, referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's side)

From tvam + aka

Note: Implies 'your troops' or 'your kinsmen'.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior, great chariot fighter

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, great chariot fighter

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot; warrior in a chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Bhishma, agrees with bhīṣmaḥ.