महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-51, verse-19

उद्धूतं सहसा भौमं नागाश्वरथसादिभिः ।
दिवाकरपथं प्राप्य रजस्तीव्रमदृश्यत ॥१९॥

19. uddhūtaṁ sahasā bhaumaṁ nāgāśvarathasādibhiḥ ,
divākarapathaṁ prāpya rajastīvramadṛśyata.

19. uddhūtam sahasā bhaumam nāgāśvarathasādibhiḥ
divākarapatham prāpya rajaḥ tīvram adṛśyata

19. sahasā nāgāśvarathasādibhiḥ uddhūtam tīvram
bhaumam rajaḥ divākarapatham prāpya adṛśyata

19. Suddenly, a dense cloud of earthly dust, stirred up by the elephants, horses, chariots, and their riders, rose and became visible, reaching even the path of the sun.

Words meanings summery:

• उद्धूतम् (uddhūtam) - stirred up, agitated, raised, scattered

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, forcibly

• भौमम् (bhaumam) - earthly, terrestrial, relating to the earth

• नागाश्वरथसादिभिः (nāgāśvarathasādibhiḥ) - by elephants, horses, chariots, and riders

• दिवाकरपथम् (divākarapatham) - the path of the sun, the sky

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having reached, having attained, having obtained

• रजः (rajaḥ) - cloud of dust (dust, pollen, impurity)

• तीव्रम् (tīvram) - dense, intense, sharp, fierce

• अदृश्यत (adṛśyata) - it was seen, it appeared, it became visible

Words meanings and morphology

उद्धूतम् (uddhūtam) - stirred up, agitated, raised, scattered

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uddhūta

uddhūta - stirred up, agitated, raised, scattered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √dhū (to shake, agitate) with prefix ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: dhū (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'rajaḥ'.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, forcibly

(indeclinable)

Instrumental form used adverbially.

भौमम् (bhaumam) - earthly, terrestrial, relating to the earth

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhauma

bhauma - earthly, terrestrial, born of the earth

Derived from 'bhūmi' (earth).

Note: Modifies 'rajaḥ'.

नागाश्वरथसादिभिः (nāgāśvarathasādibhiḥ) - by elephants, horses, chariots, and riders

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nāgāśvarathasādi

nāgāśvarathasādi - elephants, horses, chariots, and riders collectively

Compound type : dvandva (nāga+aśva+ratha+sādin)

• nāga – elephant, serpent
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• sādin – rider, charioteer, mounted soldier
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √sad (to sit).
  Root: sad (class 1)

दिवाकरपथम् (divākarapatham) - the path of the sun, the sky

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of divākarapatha

divākarapatha - the path of the sun, the sky, atmosphere

Compound type : tatpurusha (divākara+patha)

• divākara – sun (day-maker)
  noun (masculine)
• patha – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having reached, having attained, having obtained

(indeclinable)

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Absolutive (Gerund) form with prefix pra-.

रजः (rajaḥ) - cloud of dust (dust, pollen, impurity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, pollen, atom, passion (guna)

तीव्रम् (tīvram) - dense, intense, sharp, fierce

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tīvra

tīvra - sharp, fierce, intense, dense, violent

Note: Modifies 'rajaḥ'.

अदृश्यत (adṛśyata) - it was seen, it appeared, it became visible

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)