महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-51, verse-16

स तैः परिवृतः शूरैः शूरो युधि सुदुर्जयैः ।
न स्म विव्यथते राजन्कृष्णतुल्यपराक्रमः ॥१६॥

16. sa taiḥ parivṛtaḥ śūraiḥ śūro yudhi sudurjayaiḥ ,
na sma vivyathate rājankṛṣṇatulyaparākramaḥ.

16. sa taiḥ parivṛtaḥ śūraiḥ śūraḥ yudhi sudurjayaiḥ
na sma vivyathate rājan kṛṣṇatulyaparākramaḥ

16. rājan saḥ kṛṣṇatulyaparākramaḥ śūraḥ yudhi
sudurjayaiḥ taiḥ śūraiḥ parivṛtaḥ na sma vivyathate

16. O King, that hero, whose valor was equal to Krishna's, was not at all perturbed, even when surrounded in battle by those unconquerable warriors.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that one

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them, with them

• परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, covered

• शूरैः (śūraiḥ) - by heroes, by warriors, by brave men

• शूरः (śūraḥ) - hero, warrior, brave man

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in combat, in war

• सुदुर्जयैः (sudurjayaiḥ) - by those very difficult to conquer, by the unconquerable

• न (na) - not, no

• स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense when used with a present verb)

• विव्यथते (vivyathate) - he was perturbed, he was distressed, he was agitated

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• कृष्णतुल्यपराक्रमः (kṛṣṇatulyaparākramaḥ) - whose valor is equal to Krishna's

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तैः (taiḥ) - by them, with them

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, covered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivṛta

parivṛta - surrounded, encompassed, covered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vṛ (to cover, enclose) with prefix pari-

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

शूरैः (śūraiḥ) - by heroes, by warriors, by brave men

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, warrior, brave, powerful

शूरः (śūraḥ) - hero, warrior, brave man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - hero, warrior, brave, powerful

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in combat, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh

सुदुर्जयैः (sudurjayaiḥ) - by those very difficult to conquer, by the unconquerable

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sudurjaya

sudurjaya - very difficult to conquer, unconquerable

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+durjaya)

• su – good, excellent, very, easily
  indeclinable
• durjaya – difficult to conquer, invincible
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root √ji (to conquer) with prefix dur-
  Prefix: dur
  Root: ji (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense when used with a present verb)

(indeclinable)

विव्यथते (vivyathate) - he was perturbed, he was distressed, he was agitated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vyath

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: The 'vi' is part of reduplication for emphasis or intensity, not a separate upasarga. When used with 'sma', it indicates past tense.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

कृष्णतुल्यपराक्रमः (kṛṣṇatulyaparākramaḥ) - whose valor is equal to Krishna's

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇatulyaparākrama

kṛṣṇatulyaparākrama - one whose valor (parākrama) is equal (tulya) to Krishna's (kṛṣṇa)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛṣṇa+tulya+parākrama)

• kṛṣṇa – Krishna (a Hindu deity); black, dark
  proper noun (masculine)
• tulya – equal, similar, comparable
  adjective
• parākrama – valor, prowess, might, courage, heroism
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √kram (to step, stride) with prefix parā-
  Prefix: parā
  Root: kram (class 1)