महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-51, verse-23

सादितध्वजनागास्तु हताश्वा रथिनो भृशम् ।
विप्रद्रुतरथाः केचिद्दृश्यन्ते रथयूथपाः ॥२३॥

23. sāditadhvajanāgāstu hatāśvā rathino bhṛśam ,
vipradrutarathāḥ keciddṛśyante rathayūthapāḥ.

23. sādītadhvajanāgāḥ tu hatāśvāḥ rathinaḥ bhṛśam
vipradrutarathāḥ kecit dṛśyante rathayūthapāḥ

23. tu sādītadhvajanāgāḥ hatāśvāḥ rathinaḥ bhṛśam dṛśyante.
kecit vipradrutarathāḥ rathayūthapāḥ dṛśyante

23. Indeed, many charioteers were seen with their banners and elephants thoroughly struck down and their horses killed. Also, some leading charioteers were seen whose chariots had completely fled away.

Words meanings summery:

• सादीतध्वजनागाः (sādītadhvajanāgāḥ) - whose banners and elephants were struck down/destroyed

• तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizing the observation (but, and, indeed)

• हताश्वाः (hatāśvāḥ) - whose horses were killed

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, possessors of chariots

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - thoroughly, utterly (modifying the destruction in the compounds) (greatly, exceedingly, intensely)

• विप्रद्रुतरथाः (vipradrutarathāḥ) - whose chariots had fled away, who had fled their chariots

• केचित् (kecit) - some

• दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - they are seen, they appear

• रथयूथपाः (rathayūthapāḥ) - commanders of chariot divisions, leading charioteers

Words meanings and morphology

सादीतध्वजनागाः (sādītadhvajanāgāḥ) - whose banners and elephants were struck down/destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādītadhvajanāga

sādītadhvajanāga - whose banners and elephants are struck down

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sādita+dhvaja+nāga)

• sādita – struck down, destroyed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root sad (to sit, sink, perish) with causative 'ā' (sādayati - causes to sink/destroy)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: sad (class 1)
• dhvaja – banner, flag
  noun (masculine)
• nāga – elephant, serpent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies rathinaḥ.

तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizing the observation (but, and, indeed)

(indeclinable)

हताश्वाः (hatāśvāḥ) - whose horses were killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hatāśva

hatāśva - whose horses are killed

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hata+aśva)

• hata – killed, struck
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies rathinaḥ.

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, possessors of chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, possessor of a chariot

From ratha (chariot) + suffix -in (possessing).

Note: Subject of dṛśyante.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - thoroughly, utterly (modifying the destruction in the compounds) (greatly, exceedingly, intensely)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

Note: Adverb modifying the state described by the bahuvrihi compounds.

विप्रद्रुतरथाः (vipradrutarathāḥ) - whose chariots had fled away, who had fled their chariots

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipradrutaratha

vipradrutaratha - whose chariots have fled away

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vipradruta+ratha)

• vipradruta – fled, run away
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dru (to run) with prefixes vi and pra.
  Prefixes: vi+pra
  Root: dru (class 1)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies rathayūthapāḥ.

केचित् (kecit) - some

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ka

ka - who, what, some

With particle cid.

दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - they are seen, they appear

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

present tense, third person plural, middle voice (passive)

From root dṛś (to see), passive form dṛśya- + ātmanepada ending for 3rd plural.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

रथयूथपाः (rathayūthapāḥ) - commanders of chariot divisions, leading charioteers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathayūthapa

rathayūthapa - commander of a chariot division, leading charioteer

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha-yūtha+pa)

• ratha-yūtha – chariot division, troop of chariots
  noun (neuter)
• pa – protector, lord, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)