महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-111, verse-9

येषामज्ञातकल्पानि नामगोत्राणि पार्थिव ।
ते हतास्तत्र भीष्मेण शूराः सर्वेऽनिवर्तिनः ॥९॥

9. yeṣāmajñātakalpāni nāmagotrāṇi pārthiva ,
te hatāstatra bhīṣmeṇa śūrāḥ sarve'nivartinaḥ.

9. yeṣām ajñātakalpāni nāmagotrāṇi pārthiva te
hatāḥ tatra bhīṣmeṇa śūrāḥ sarve anivartinaḥ

9. pārthiva yeṣām nāmagotrāṇi ajñātakalpāni te
sarve anivartinaḥ śūrāḥ tatra bhīṣmeṇa hatāḥ

9. O king, there, by Bhishma, all those non-retreating heroes whose names and lineages were virtually unknown were killed.

Words meanings summery:

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - whose, of whom

• अज्ञातकल्पानि (ajñātakalpāni) - almost unknown, virtually unknown

• नामगोत्राणि (nāmagotrāṇi) - names and lineages, names and families

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king, O ruler of earth

• ते (te) - they, those

• हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, slain

• तत्र (tatra) - in that battle (there, in that place)

• भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhishma

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes, brave men

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• अनिवर्तिनः (anivartinaḥ) - not retreating, not turning back, steadfast

Words meanings and morphology

येषाम् (yeṣām) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to the heroes.

अज्ञातकल्पानि (ajñātakalpāni) - almost unknown, virtually unknown

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of ajñātakalpa

ajñātakalpa - almost unknown, as if unknown

Compound 'a-jñāta-kalpa'. 'Kalpa' as a suffix means 'almost, like'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+jñāta+kalpa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• jñāta – known, understood
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'jñā' (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• kalpa – like, similar to, almost
  indeclinable
  Suffix indicating approximation.

Note: Agrees with 'nāmagotrāṇi'.

नामगोत्राणि (nāmagotrāṇi) - names and lineages, names and families

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of nāmagotra

nāmagotra - name and lineage, family name

Dvanda compound 'nāma' (name) and 'gotra' (lineage).

Compound type : dvandva (nāma+gotra)

• nāma – name, appellation
  noun (neuter)
• gotra – lineage, family, clan
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king, O ruler of earth

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - king, earthly, related to the earth

Derived from pṛthivī (earth).

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to the heroes.

हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used predicatively with 'te'.

तत्र (tatra) - in that battle (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhishma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character)

Note: Agent in the passive construction.

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes, brave men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, brave, valorous

Note: Agrees with 'te'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

Note: Agrees with 'śūrāḥ'.

अनिवर्तिनः (anivartinaḥ) - not retreating, not turning back, steadfast

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anivartin

anivartin - not retreating, steadfast, brave

Compound 'a-nivartin'. 'Nivartin' from ni-vṛt (to turn back).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+nivartin)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• nivartin – retreating, turning back
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  From root 'vṛt' with upasarga 'ni'.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'śūrāḥ'.