महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-111, verse-10

दशाहानि ततस्तप्त्वा भीष्मः पाण्डववाहिनीम् ।
निरविद्यत धर्मात्मा जीवितेन परंतपः ॥१०॥

10. daśāhāni tatastaptvā bhīṣmaḥ pāṇḍavavāhinīm ,
niravidyata dharmātmā jīvitena paraṁtapaḥ.

10. daśāhāni tataḥ taptvā bhīṣmaḥ pāṇḍavavāhinīm
niravidyata dharmātmā jīvitena paraṃtapaḥ

10. tataḥ daśāhāni pāṇḍavavāhinīm taptvā paraṃtapaḥ
dharmātmā bhīṣmaḥ jīvitena niravidyata

10. Then, having tormented the Pandava army for ten days, Bhishma, the tormentor of foes, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was righteousness, became disgusted with life.

Words meanings summery:

• दशाहानि (daśāhāni) - for the duration of ten days (ten days)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having tormented, having heated, having afflicted

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - the renowned Kaurava general (Bhishma)

• पाण्डववाहिनीम् (pāṇḍavavāhinīm) - the Pandava army/host

• निरविद्यत (niravidyata) - became disgusted, despaired, felt weariness

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - Bhishma, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was righteousness (high-souled, righteous in (intrinsic nature) (dharma))

• जीवितेन (jīvitena) - by life, with life

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - epithet for Bhishma (tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies)

Words meanings and morphology

दशाहानि (daśāhāni) - for the duration of ten days (ten days)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of daśāha

daśāha - period of ten days, ten days

Compound 'daśa' (ten) + 'ahan' (day).

Compound type : dvigu (daśa+ahan)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates duration.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects events in sequence.

तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having tormented, having heated, having afflicted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'tap' (to heat, torment) with suffix -tvā.

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Denotes a preceding action.

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - the renowned Kaurava general (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character)

Note: Subject of the main verb and the absolutive.

पाण्डववाहिनीम् (pāṇḍavavāhinīm) - the Pandava army/host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pāṇḍavavāhinī

pāṇḍavavāhinī - Pandava army, host of Pandavas

Compound 'pāṇḍava' (related to Pandu) + 'vāhinī' (army).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāṇḍava+vāhinī)

• pāṇḍava – descendant of Pandu, related to Pandu
  adjective (masculine)
  Taddhita derivation from 'Paṇḍu'.
• vāhinī – army, host, river
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'vah' (to carry, lead).
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Object of 'taptvā'.

निरविद्यत (niravidyata) - became disgusted, despaired, felt weariness

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vid

Prefix: nir

Root: vid (class 4)

Note: From √vid (to know, perceive) with prefix nir, meaning to be weary of, disgusted with.

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - Bhishma, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was righteousness (high-souled, righteous in (intrinsic nature) (dharma))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - one whose nature is righteousness, high-minded, virtuous

Compound 'dharma' (righteousness, natural law) + 'ātman' (self, soul).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, duty, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Bhishma.

जीवितेन (jīvitena) - by life, with life

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, livelihood

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

From root 'jīv' (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Indicates the object of weariness (nir-vid + instrumental).

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - epithet for Bhishma (tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

Compound 'para-ṃ-tapa'. From 'para' (enemy) and 'tapa' (causing pain).

Compound type : tatpurusha (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
• tapa – causing pain, heating, tormenting
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'tap' (to heat, to torment).
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Epithet for Bhishma.