महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-111, verse-2

कुरवश्च कथं युद्धे पाण्डवान्प्रत्यवारयन् ।
आचक्ष्व मे महायुद्धं भीष्मस्याहवशोभिनः ॥२॥

2. kuravaśca kathaṁ yuddhe pāṇḍavānpratyavārayan ,
ācakṣva me mahāyuddhaṁ bhīṣmasyāhavaśobhinaḥ.

2. kuravaḥ ca katham yuddhe pāṇḍavān pratyavārayan
| ācakṣva me mahāyuddham bhīṣmasya āhavaśobhinaḥ

2. ca katham kuravaḥ yuddhe pāṇḍavān pratyavārayan
me āhavaśobhinaḥ bhīṣmasya mahāyuddham ācakṣva

2. And how did the Kurus prevent the Pāṇḍavas in battle? Describe to me the great battle of Bhīṣma, who shone gloriously in combat.

Words meanings summery:

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus (the army of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons) (the Kurus, the Kauravas)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कथम् (katham) - how (did they manage to prevent them)? (how? in what manner?)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle (in battle, in the fight)

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas (as the object of the action) (the Pāṇḍavas)

• प्रत्यवारयन् (pratyavārayan) - they prevented (the Pāṇḍavas) (they prevented, they warded off, they checked)

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - describe (to me) (tell, relate, describe)

• मे (me) - to me (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (to me, for me)

• महायुद्धम् (mahāyuddham) - the great battle (great battle, great war)

• भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - of Bhīṣma

• आहवशोभिनः (āhavaśobhinaḥ) - of Bhīṣma, who shone gloriously in combat (of him who shines in battle, gloriously shining in combat)

Words meanings and morphology

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus (the army of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons) (the Kurus, the Kauravas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient king, also refers to his descendants or the people of his kingdom)

Note: Subject of pratyavārayan.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

कथम् (katham) - how (did they manage to prevent them)? (how? in what manner?)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle (in battle, in the fight)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

From root yudh 'to fight'.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Denotes place/circumstance.

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas (as the object of the action) (the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

Note: Object of pratyavārayan.

प्रत्यवारयन् (pratyavārayan) - they prevented (the Pāṇḍavas) (they prevented, they warded off, they checked)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prati-ava-vṛ

Imperfect Tense, Causative

Root vṛ (class 1, 2, 5, 9) 'to cover, to choose'. With prati + ava, 'to avert, to ward off, to prevent'. The causative form -vāraya- is used. pratyavārayan is imperfect 3rd person plural Parasmaipada.

Prefixes: prati+ava

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: The 'they' refers to the Kurus.

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - describe (to me) (tell, relate, describe)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (lot) of ā-cakṣ

Imperative

Root cakṣ (class 2) 'to see, to appear, to speak'. With ā-, 'to tell, to relate'. The form ācakṣva is imperative, 2nd person singular, Ātmanepada.

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

मे (me) - to me (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (to me, for me)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

Note: Dative of indirect object with ācakṣva.

महायुद्धम् (mahāyuddham) - the great battle (great battle, great war)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahāyuddha

mahāyuddha - great battle, great war

Compound of mahā (great) + yuddha (battle).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+yuddha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  From root yudh 'to fight'.
  Root: yudh (class 4)

भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - of Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (proper name), formidable

From root bhī 'to fear' + suffix -ṣma.

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Possessive of mahāyuddham, also agrees with āhavaśobhinaḥ.

आहवशोभिनः (āhavaśobhinaḥ) - of Bhīṣma, who shone gloriously in combat (of him who shines in battle, gloriously shining in combat)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of āhavaśobhin

āhavaśobhin - shining in battle, glorious in combat

Compound of āhava (battle) + śobhin (shining).

Compound type : tatpurusha (āhava+śobhin)

• āhava – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine)
  From ā + √hve 'to call', or √hu 'to sacrifice'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hve / hu (class 1)
• śobhin – shining, splendid, beautiful, glorious
  adjective (masculine)
  present active participle
  From root śubh 'to shine, be beautiful' + suffix -in.
  Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Bhīṣma.