महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-111, verse-11

स क्षिप्रं वधमन्विच्छन्नात्मनोऽभिमुखं रणे ।
न हन्यां मानवश्रेष्ठान्संग्रामेऽभिमुखानिति ॥११॥

11. sa kṣipraṁ vadhamanvicchannātmano'bhimukhaṁ raṇe ,
na hanyāṁ mānavaśreṣṭhānsaṁgrāme'bhimukhāniti.

11. saḥ kṣipram vadham anvicchan ātmanaḥ abhimukham raṇe
na hanyām mānavapreṣṭhān saṃgrāme abhimukhān iti

11. saḥ rane ātmanaḥ vadham kṣipram anvicchan (avocat)
iti (yat) saṃgrāme abhimukhān mānavapreṣṭhān na hanyām

11. He, quickly desiring his own death (ātman) while facing the battle, (thought): 'I should not kill the best of men who are confronting me in battle.'

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - refers to Bhishma (he, that)

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

• वधम् (vadham) - death, killing, slaying

• अन्विच्छन् (anvicchan) - seeking, desiring, searching for

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - his own (death) (of the self, for oneself, his own (ātman))

• अभिमुखम् (abhimukham) - facing the battle (facing, turned towards, confronting)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

• न (na) - not, no

• हन्याम् (hanyām) - I should kill, I might kill

• मानवप्रेष्ठान् (mānavapreṣṭhān) - the best of men, dearest of men

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in war

• अभिमुखान् (abhimukhān) - facing, confronting, turned towards

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a thought or statement (thus, so, end of quote)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - refers to Bhishma (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as an adverb.

वधम् (vadham) - death, killing, slaying

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaying, death

From root 'vadh' (to strike, kill).

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'anvicchan'.

अन्विच्छन् (anvicchan) - seeking, desiring, searching for

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anvicchat

anvicchat - seeking, desiring, searching for

Present Active Participle

From root 'iṣ' (to seek) with upasarga 'anu' and 'vi'.

Prefixes: anu+vi

Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ'.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - his own (death) (of the self, for oneself, his own (ātman))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, ego

Note: Possessive for 'vadham'.

अभिमुखम् (abhimukham) - facing the battle (facing, turned towards, confronting)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of abhimukha

abhimukha - facing, turned towards, confronting, in front of

Compound 'abhi' (towards) + 'mukha' (face).

Compound type : tatpurusha (abhi+mukha)

• abhi – towards, against
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially to describe the state of being while seeking death.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

Root: raṇ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'hanyām'.

हन्याम् (hanyām) - I should kill, I might kill

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of han

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Expresses a wish or obligation.

मानवप्रेष्ठान् (mānavapreṣṭhān) - the best of men, dearest of men

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mānavapreṣṭha

mānavapreṣṭha - dearest of men, best of men

Compound 'mānava' (human) + 'preṣṭha' (dearest, best - superlative of priya).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mānava+preṣṭha)

• mānava – human, man, descendant of Manu
  noun (masculine)
• preṣṭha – dearest, most beloved, best
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative form of 'priya' (dear).

Note: Object of 'hanyām'. Refers to Pandavas.

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, combat

Prefix: sam

Root: grām (class 1)

Note: Location for 'abhimukhān'.

अभिमुखान् (abhimukhān) - facing, confronting, turned towards

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of abhimukha

abhimukha - facing, turned towards, confronting, in front of

Compound 'abhi' (towards) + 'mukha' (face).

Compound type : tatpurusha (abhi+mukha)

• abhi – towards, against
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'mānavapreṣṭhān'.

इति (iti) - marks the end of a thought or statement (thus, so, end of quote)

(indeclinable)