महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-111, verse-25

ततस्तु तावकाः शूराः पुरस्कृत्य यतव्रतम् ।
शिखण्डिप्रमुखान्पार्थान्योधयन्ति स्म संयुगे ॥२५॥

25. tatastu tāvakāḥ śūrāḥ puraskṛtya yatavratam ,
śikhaṇḍipramukhānpārthānyodhayanti sma saṁyuge.

25. tataḥ tu tāvakāḥ śūrāḥ puraskṛtya yatavratam
śikhaṇḍipramukhān pārthān yodhayanti sma saṃyuge

25. tataḥ tu tāvakāḥ śūrāḥ yatavratam puraskṛtya
śikhaṇḍipramukhān pārthān saṃyuge yodhayanti sma

25. Then, your valiant warriors, led by Bhishma, who had taken a firm vow, engaged in battle with the Pārthas, whose leader was Śikhaṇḍin.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - Referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's (Duryodhana's) army. (your people, your side)

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave ones, heroes

• पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - Placing Bhishma at the forefront. (having placed in front, having made prominent, having led by)

• यतव्रतम् (yatavratam) - Refers to Bhishma, known for his firm (terrible) vow. (one of firm vows, whose vows are controlled)

• शिखण्डिप्रमुखान् (śikhaṇḍipramukhān) - Refers to the Pāṇḍava forces with Śikhaṇḍin as a key warrior. (having Śikhaṇḍin as chief, led by Śikhaṇḍin)

• पार्थान् (pārthān) - Refers specifically to the Pāṇava warriors. (the sons of Pṛthā, the Pāṇḍavas)

• योधयन्ति (yodhayanti) - they fight, they cause to fight

• स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense)

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix `tas` from pronoun `tad`.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - Referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's (Duryodhana's) army. (your people, your side)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - belonging to you, your (people)

Derived from `tava` (your) + `ka` suffix.

Note: Subject of `yodhayanti sma`.

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave ones, heroes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, valorous, hero, warrior

Note: Agrees with `tāvakāḥ`.

पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - Placing Bhishma at the forefront. (having placed in front, having made prominent, having led by)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from the particle `puras` (in front) + root `kṛ` (to do/make) + `lyap` suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यतव्रतम् (yatavratam) - Refers to Bhishma, known for his firm (terrible) vow. (one of firm vows, whose vows are controlled)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yatavrata

yatavrata - one who has controlled his vows, firm in vows

Bahuvrihi compound: `yata` (controlled, firm) + `vrata` (vow).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (yata+vrata)

• yata – controlled, restrained, firm
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `yam` (to control, restrain).
  Root: yam (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with the implied object (Bhishma) of `puraskṛtya`.

शिखण्डिप्रमुखान् (śikhaṇḍipramukhān) - Refers to the Pāṇḍava forces with Śikhaṇḍin as a key warrior. (having Śikhaṇḍin as chief, led by Śikhaṇḍin)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śikhaṇḍipramukha

śikhaṇḍipramukha - having Śikhaṇḍin as the chief/leader

Bahuvrihi compound: `śikhaṇḍi` (Śikhaṇḍin, proper name) + `pramukha` (chief, prominent, leading).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śikhaṇḍi+pramukha)

• śikhaṇḍi – Śikhaṇḍin (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pramukha – chief, leader, prominent, face
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  From `pra` (forward) + `mukha` (face).
  Prefix: pra

Note: Agrees with `pārthān`.

पार्थान् (pārthān) - Refers specifically to the Pāṇava warriors. (the sons of Pṛthā, the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), name for the Pāṇḍavas

Patronymic from Pṛthā.

Note: Object of `yodhayanti sma`.

योधयन्ति (yodhayanti) - they fight, they cause to fight

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (Laṭ) of yudh

Causative stem, Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice

`yudh` (root) + `aya` (causative) + `anti` (present 3rd pl. act.). Used transitively here as 'they fight (the Pārthas)'.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Used with `sma` to indicate past action.

स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense)

(indeclinable)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, war

From `sam` (together) + root `yuj` (to join) + `ghañ` suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Indicates the place of action.