महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-110, verse-43

तावकानां रणे भीष्मो ग्लह आसीद्विशां पते ।
तत्र हि द्यूतमायातं विजयायेतराय वा ॥४३॥

43. tāvakānāṁ raṇe bhīṣmo glaha āsīdviśāṁ pate ,
tatra hi dyūtamāyātaṁ vijayāyetarāya vā.

43. tāvakānām raṇe bhīṣmaḥ glahaḥ āsīt viśām pate
tatra hi dyūtam āyātam vijayāya itarāya vā

43. viśām pate tāvakānām raṇe bhīṣmaḥ glahaḥ āsīt
tatra hi dyūtam vijayāya vā itarāya āyātam

43. O lord of the people, Bhishma was the primary stake for your side in the battle. Indeed, a game of dice has commenced there, either for victory or for the other outcome (defeat).

Words meanings summery:

• तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - of your (Dhritarashtra's) sons/party (of your people, of your side, belonging to you)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield, in conflict

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The grand-uncle of the Kauravas and Pandavas, commander of the Kaurava army. (Bhishma)

• ग्लहः (glahaḥ) - The principal stake or prize in a gamble. (stake, wager, a die, a cast of dice)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• विशाम् (viśām) - (addressed to Dhritarashtra) of the people/subjects (under your rule) (of people, of subjects, of Vaisyas)

• पते (pate) - Addressed to Dhritarashtra as 'O protector of the people'. (O lord, O master, O protector)

• तत्र (tatra) - In that battle/situation. (there, in that place, in that matter)

• हि (hi) - Emphatic particle, 'indeed'. (indeed, surely, for, because)

• द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - The battle itself is compared to a game of dice. (gambling, game of dice, play)

• आयातम् (āyātam) - Has begun, has manifested. (arrived, come, approached, commenced)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory, for conquest, for triumph

• इतराय (itarāya) - For the other outcome, i.e., defeat. (for the other, for the alternative)

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

Words meanings and morphology

तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - of your (Dhritarashtra's) sons/party (of your people, of your side, belonging to you)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - yours, belonging to you, your people/party

derived from pronominal base 'tava' (your)

Note: Used substantively as 'your people'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict, fight

Root: raṇ (class 1)

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The grand-uncle of the Kauravas and Pandavas, commander of the Kaurava army. (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; Bhishma (name of a character)

Root: bhī (class 3)

ग्लहः (glahaḥ) - The principal stake or prize in a gamble. (stake, wager, a die, a cast of dice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of glaha

glaha - a die (for gambling), a stake, a wager, gambling

From root √grah (to seize) + suffix -a.

Root: grah (class 9)

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

imperfect active

3rd person singular imperfect active of √as

Root: as (class 2)

विशाम् (viśām) - (addressed to Dhritarashtra) of the people/subjects (under your rule) (of people, of subjects, of Vaisyas)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community, Vaisyas

पते (pate) - Addressed to Dhritarashtra as 'O protector of the people'. (O lord, O master, O protector)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, protector

Note: Forms a compound with viśām.

तत्र (tatra) - In that battle/situation. (there, in that place, in that matter)

(indeclinable)

Locative of 'tad' (that).

हि (hi) - Emphatic particle, 'indeed'. (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - The battle itself is compared to a game of dice. (gambling, game of dice, play)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, a game of dice, play

From √div (to play, to throw) + kta suffix.

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of āyātam.

आयातम् (āyātam) - Has begun, has manifested. (arrived, come, approached, commenced)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āyāta

āyāta - come, arrived, approached, begun

Past Passive Participle

From prefix ā + root yā (to go) + kta suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory, for conquest, for triumph

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

From vi + jī (to conquer).

Prefix: vi

Root: jī (class 1)

Note: Indicates purpose.

इतराय (itarāya) - For the other outcome, i.e., defeat. (for the other, for the alternative)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of itara

itara - other, another, different, the remaining

Note: Refers to the opposite of victory.

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)