महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-110, verse-13

रथाश्च बहवो भग्ना हयाश्च शतशो हताः ।
गजाश्च सगजारोहाः पेतुरुर्व्यां महामृधे ॥१३॥

13. rathāśca bahavo bhagnā hayāśca śataśo hatāḥ ,
gajāśca sagajārohāḥ petururvyāṁ mahāmṛdhe.

13. rathāḥ ca bahavaḥ bhagnāḥ hayāḥ ca śataśaḥ hatāḥ
gajāḥ ca sagajārohāḥ petuḥ urvyām mahāmṛdhe

13. ca bahavaḥ rathāḥ bhagnāḥ.
ca śataśaḥ hayāḥ hatāḥ.
ca sagajārohāḥ gajāḥ mahāmṛdhe urvyām petuḥ.

13. And many chariots were broken, and hundreds of horses were slain. And elephants, along with their riders, fell upon the earth in the great battle.

Words meanings summery:

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

• च (ca) - and, also

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many

• भग्नाः (bhagnāḥ) - broken, shattered, defeated

• हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

• च (ca) - and, also

• शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds, hundreds of

• हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, slain, wounded

• गजाः (gajāḥ) - elephants

• च (ca) - and, also

• सगजारोहाः (sagajārohāḥ) - along with their elephant riders, with their mahouts

• पेतुः (petuḥ) - they fell

• उर्व्याम् (urvyām) - on the earth, ground

• महामृधे (mahāmṛdhe) - in the great battle

Words meanings and morphology

रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

भग्नाः (bhagnāḥ) - broken, shattered, defeated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, defeated, frustrated

Past Passive Participle

From root √bhañj (to break)

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Functions as predicate.

हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse, steed

From root √hi (to go, move).

Root: hi (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds, hundreds of

(indeclinable)

From `śata` (hundred) + `śas` (suffix indicating distribution).

हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, slain, wounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - struck, killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root √han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Functions as predicate.

गजाः (gajāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gaja

gaja - elephant

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सगजारोहाः (sagajārohāḥ) - along with their elephant riders, with their mahouts

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sagajāroha

sagajāroha - with elephant riders, accompanied by mahouts

Bahuvrīhi compound: sa (with) + gaja + āroha (rider).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+gaja+āroha)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  Prefix for 'with'
• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• āroha – rider, ascent
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix ā + root √ruh (to rise, ascend).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

पेतुः (petuḥ) - they fell

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of pat

Perfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person plural

From root √pat (to fall), reduplicated perfect.

Root: pat (class 1)

उर्व्याम् (urvyām) - on the earth, ground

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of urvī

urvī - earth, ground, wide (feminine)

महामृधे (mahāmṛdhe) - in the great battle

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of mahāmṛdh

mahāmṛdh - great battle, great conflict

Karmaṇi Tatpurusha compound: mahā (great) + mṛdh (battle).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+mṛdh)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• mṛdh – battle, conflict, war
  noun (feminine)
  Root: mṛdh (class 1)