महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-110, verse-42

ततः प्रववृते युद्धं कौरवाणां भयावहम् ।
तत्र पाण्डुसुतैः सार्धं भीष्मस्य विजयं प्रति ॥४२॥

42. tataḥ pravavṛte yuddhaṁ kauravāṇāṁ bhayāvaham ,
tatra pāṇḍusutaiḥ sārdhaṁ bhīṣmasya vijayaṁ prati.

42. tataḥ pravavṛte yuddham kauravāṇām bhayāvaham |
tatra pāṇḍusutaiḥ sārdham bhīṣmasya vijayam prati

42. tataḥ kauravāṇām bhayāvaham yuddham pravavṛte
tatra pāṇḍusutaiḥ sārdham bhīṣmasya vijayam prati

42. Then, the terrifying battle of the Kauravas began. There, it was regarding Bhīṣma's victory against the sons of Pāṇḍu.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (referring to the sequence of events) (then, thence, from that)

• प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - began (the battle) (began, started, proceeded, occurred)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle (the specific war) (battle, fight, war)

• कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the Kauravas (the descendants of Kuru) (of the Kauravas, belonging to the Kauravas)

• भयावहम् (bhayāvaham) - terrifying (describing the battle) (terrifying, dreadful, fearful)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (referring to the place of battle) (there, in that place)

• पाण्डुसुतैः (pāṇḍusutaiḥ) - with the sons of Pāṇḍu (by the sons of Pāṇḍu, with the sons of Pāṇḍu)

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - along with (with, along with, together with)

• भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - of Bhīṣma (referring to the general of the Kaurava army) (of Bhīṣma)

• विजयम् (vijayam) - victory (the goal of the battle) (victory, triumph, conquest)

• प्रति (prati) - regarding, concerning (Bhīṣma's victory) (towards, against, concerning, in regard to)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (referring to the sequence of events) (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix -tas added to pronoun base ta-.

प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - began (the battle) (began, started, proceeded, occurred)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of pravṛt

Perfect Tense

From root vṛt (class 1, 4). With pra-, 'to proceed, to begin'. The form pravavṛte is perfect tense (Lit), 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle (the specific war) (battle, fight, war)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

From root yudh 'to fight', with suffix -a.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Could also be accusative singular. Given pravavṛte is intransitive or can take a nominative subject, nominative fits better.

कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the Kauravas (the descendants of Kuru) (of the Kauravas, belonging to the Kauravas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava (member of Kuru dynasty)

Vr̥ddhi derivative from Kuru.

भयावहम् (bhayāvaham) - terrifying (describing the battle) (terrifying, dreadful, fearful)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhayāvaha

bhayāvaha - causing fear, terrifying, dreadful

Compound of bhaya (fear) + āvaha (bringing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhaya+āvaha)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  From root bhī 'to fear' + suffix -a.
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• āvaha – bringing, causing, producing
  adjective (masculine)
  present active participle
  From ā + √vah 'to carry', 'to bring'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with yuddham.

तत्र (tatra) - there (referring to the place of battle) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Locative suffix -tra added to pronoun base ta-.

पाण्डुसुतैः (pāṇḍusutaiḥ) - with the sons of Pāṇḍu (by the sons of Pāṇḍu, with the sons of Pāṇḍu)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍusuta

pāṇḍusuta - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound of Pāṇḍu (proper noun) + suta (son).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāṇḍu+suta)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of a king, father of the Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• suta – son, born
  noun (masculine)
  From root sū 'to beget, to produce'.
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Used with sārdham.

सार्धम् (sārdham) - along with (with, along with, together with)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of sārdha 'together, accompanied'.

भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - of Bhīṣma (referring to the general of the Kaurava army) (of Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (proper name), terrifying

From root bhī 'to fear' + suffix -ṣma.

Root: bhī (class 3)

विजयम् (vijayam) - victory (the goal of the battle) (victory, triumph, conquest)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

From vi + √ji 'to conquer'.

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of prati.

प्रति (prati) - regarding, concerning (Bhīṣma's victory) (towards, against, concerning, in regard to)

(indeclinable)