महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-110, verse-39

शिखण्डी तु समासाद्य भारतानां पितामहम् ।
अभ्यद्रवत संहृष्टो भयं त्यक्त्वा यतव्रतम् ॥३९॥

39. śikhaṇḍī tu samāsādya bhāratānāṁ pitāmaham ,
abhyadravata saṁhṛṣṭo bhayaṁ tyaktvā yatavratam.

39. śikhaṇḍī tu samāsādya bhāratānām pitāmaham
abhyadravata saṃhṛṣṭaḥ bhayam tyaktvā yatavratam

39. tu śikhaṇḍī bhāratānām pitāmaham samāsādya
saṃhṛṣṭaḥ bhayam tyaktvā yatavratam abhyadravata

39. However, having approached the grandfather of the Bhāratas (Bhīṣma), Śikhaṇḍī, filled with joy and having abandoned fear, rushed towards the one who was firm in his vows (Bhīṣma).

Words meanings summery:

• शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Śikhaṇḍī (name of a warrior)

• तु (tu) - however (but, on the other hand, however, indeed)

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached (having approached, having reached, having obtained)

• भारतानाम् (bhāratānām) - of the Bhāratas (referring to the lineage, here specifically the Kauravas, but in this context, 'grandfather of the Bhāratas' refers to Bhīṣma) (of the Bhāratas (descendants of Bharata), of the Kauravas)

• पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - the grandfather (Bhīṣma) (grandfather (accusative singular))

• अभ्यद्रवत (abhyadravata) - he (Śikhaṇḍī) rushed towards (he rushed towards, he attacked)

• संहृष्टः (saṁhṛṣṭaḥ) - filled with joy, exhilarated (greatly delighted, exhilarated, joyous (masculine singular nominative))

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear (fear, dread (neuter singular accusative))

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having given up, having left)

• यतव्रतम् (yatavratam) - the one firm in his vows (Bhīṣma) (one who has undertaken a vow, one who is firm in vows, ascetic (accusative singular))

Words meanings and morphology

शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Śikhaṇḍī (name of a warrior)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - having a crest or plume, Śikhaṇḍī (warrior in Mahābhārata)

Derived from śikhaṇḍa (crest, tuft) + in (possessive suffix).

तु (tu) - however (but, on the other hand, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached (having approached, having reached, having obtained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of verb `sam-ā-sad` (to approach, meet).

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

भारतानाम् (bhāratānām) - of the Bhāratas (referring to the lineage, here specifically the Kauravas, but in this context, 'grandfather of the Bhāratas' refers to Bhīṣma) (of the Bhāratas (descendants of Bharata), of the Kauravas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to Bharata, a person of India, a king of the lunar dynasty

Derived from Bharata (name of a king) + aṇ affix.

Note: Possessive case, referring to the Bhārata lineage.

पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - the grandfather (Bhīṣma) (grandfather (accusative singular))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, Bhīṣma (as the great patriarch)

Compound: pitā (father) + maha (great).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pitā+maha)

• pitā – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, mighty
  adjective

Note: Object of `samāsādya`.

अभ्यद्रवत (abhyadravata) - he (Śikhaṇḍī) rushed towards (he rushed towards, he attacked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhyadru

Imperfect (past tense)

Imperfect 3rd person singular of `abhyadru`.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: dru (class 1)

संहृष्टः (saṁhṛṣṭaḥ) - filled with joy, exhilarated (greatly delighted, exhilarated, joyous (masculine singular nominative))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃhṛṣṭa

saṁhṛṣṭa - greatly delighted, joyful, pleased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb `sam-hṛṣ` (to be delighted) + kta suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with Śikhaṇḍī.

भयम् (bhayam) - fear (fear, dread (neuter singular accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, apprehension

From root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of `tyaktvā`.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having given up, having left)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root tyaj (to abandon) + ktvā suffix.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

यतव्रतम् (yatavratam) - the one firm in his vows (Bhīṣma) (one who has undertaken a vow, one who is firm in vows, ascetic (accusative singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yatavrata

yatavrata - one who has undertaken a vow, one who has controlled his vows (i.e., firm in vows), ascetic

Bahuvrīhi compound: `yata` (controlled, restrained) + `vrata` (vow, religious observance).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yata+vrata)

• yata – controlled, restrained, disciplined
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yam (to restrain) + kta suffix.
  Root: yam (class 1)
• vrata – vow, religious observance, sacred duty
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Bhīṣma, the implied object of `abhyadravata`.