महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-110, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
अर्जुनस्तु रणे शल्यं यतमानं महारथम् ।
छादयामास समरे शरैः संनतपर्वभिः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
arjunastu raṇe śalyaṁ yatamānaṁ mahāratham ,
chādayāmāsa samare śaraiḥ saṁnataparvabhiḥ.

1. saṃjaya uvāca arjunaḥ tu raṇe śalyaṃ yatamānaṃ
mahārathaṃ chādayāmāsa samare śaraiḥ saṃnataparvabhiḥ

1. saṃjaya uvāca: arjunaḥ tu raṇe samare śaraiḥ
saṃnataparvabhiḥ yatamānaṃ mahārathaṃ śalyaṃ chādayāmāsa

1. Saṃjaya said: But Arjuna, in the conflict, covered Śalya—the great warrior (mahāratha) who was striving—with arrows having bent shafts.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (Saṃjaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the conflict

• शल्यं (śalyaṁ) - The king of the Madras, an ally of the Kauravas. (Śalya)

• यतमानं (yatamānaṁ) - Śalya was actively fighting and exerting himself in the battle. (striving, endeavoring, exerting oneself)

• महारथं (mahārathaṁ) - Śalya, known for his prowess as a warrior. (a great warrior, one with a great chariot)

• छादयामास (chādayāmāsa) - covered, obscured, overwhelmed

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in the engagement

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

• संनतपर्वभिः (saṁnataparvabhiḥ) - Describes the arrows, implying accuracy or force that caused the shafts to bend slightly. (with bent shafts, with depressed joints)

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (Saṃjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (proper name)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

शल्यं (śalyaṁ) - The king of the Madras, an ally of the Kauravas. (Śalya)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Śalya (proper name)

यतमानं (yatamānaṁ) - Śalya was actively fighting and exerting himself in the battle. (striving, endeavoring, exerting oneself)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yatamāna

yatamāna - striving, endeavoring, making an effort

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from the verb root 'yat' (to strive, endeavor).

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Śalya.

महारथं (mahārathaṁ) - Śalya, known for his prowess as a warrior. (a great warrior, one with a great chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, one who fights from a great chariot

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (by extension)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Śalya.

छादयामास (chādayāmāsa) - covered, obscured, overwhelmed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of chad

perfect (causative)

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice, from the causative stem 'chādaya-'.

Root: chad (class 10)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in the engagement

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat, conflict

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

संनतपर्वभिः (saṁnataparvabhiḥ) - Describes the arrows, implying accuracy or force that caused the shafts to bend slightly. (with bent shafts, with depressed joints)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of saṃnataparvan

saṁnataparvan - having bent joints/shafts, depressed at the knots

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃnata+parvan)

• saṃnata – bent, bowed, curved, depressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the verb root nam (to bend) with upasarga sam-.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: nam (class 1)
• parvan – joint, knot, section (of a reed or arrow shaft), limb
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'śaraiḥ' (arrows).