महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-59, verse-9

ध्वजं चैवास्य कौन्तेयः शरैरभ्यहनद्दृढम् ।
शीघ्रकृद्रथवाहांश्च तथोभौ पार्ष्णिसारथी ॥९॥

9. dhvajaṁ caivāsya kaunteyaḥ śarairabhyahanaddṛḍham ,
śīghrakṛdrathavāhāṁśca tathobhau pārṣṇisārathī.

9. dhvajam ca eva asya kaunteyaḥ śaraiḥ abhyahanat dṛḍham
śīghrakṛt rathavāhān ca tathā ubhau pārṣṇisārathī

9. And indeed, Arjuna (Kaunteya) firmly struck his (Bhishma's) banner with arrows. Swiftly acting, he also struck the chariot horses and both the charioteers (pārṣṇisārathi) at the rear.

Words meanings summery:

• ध्वजम् (dhvajam) - banner, flag, standard

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just

• अस्य (asya) - of Bhishma (referring to the previous verse) (his, of this)

• कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Kunti)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• अभ्यहनत् (abhyahanat) - he struck, he hit

• दृढम् (dṛḍham) - struck firmly (firmly, strongly, strongly built)

• शीघ्रकृत् (śīghrakṛt) - Arjuna, who acts swiftly (swiftly acting, quick-doing)

• रथवाहान् (rathavāhān) - chariot-pullers, horses

• च (ca) - and

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

• पार्ष्णिसारथी (pārṣṇisārathī) - charioteers at the rear (lit. heel-charioteers)

Words meanings and morphology

ध्वजम् (dhvajam) - banner, flag, standard

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, flag, standard, mark, sign

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of Bhishma (referring to the previous verse) (his, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Masculine genitive singular of idam

कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti

Patronymic from Kunti

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

अभ्यहनत् (abhyahanat) - he struck, he hit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of han

Prefixes: abhi+a

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Parasmaipada Imperfect 3rd person singular of han with abhi-a prefix.

दृढम् (dṛḍham) - struck firmly (firmly, strongly, strongly built)

(indeclinable)

past passive participle (adverbial use)

Past passive participle of root dṛh (to be firm), used adverbially

Root: dṛh (class 1)

शीघ्रकृत् (śīghrakṛt) - Arjuna, who acts swiftly (swiftly acting, quick-doing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śīghrakṛt

śīghrakṛt - swiftly acting, quick-doing

Compound type : tatpurusha (śīghra+kṛt)

• śīghra – swift, quick, speedy
  adjective
• kṛt – doer, maker, one who acts
  noun (masculine)
  Nom. sing. of a noun derived from root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies Kaunteyaḥ

रथवाहान् (rathavāhān) - chariot-pullers, horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rathavāha

rathavāha - chariot-puller, horse

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+vāha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• vāha – bearer, carrier, horse
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root vah (to carry)
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Refers to the horses drawing the chariot.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also

(indeclinable)

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Masculine nominative/accusative dual, agrees with pārṣṇisārathī

पार्ष्णिसारथी (pārṣṇisārathī) - charioteers at the rear (lit. heel-charioteers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of pārṣṇisārathi

pārṣṇisārathi - charioteer at the rear, secondary charioteer, protector in the chariot

Compound type : tatpurusha (pārṣṇi+sārathi)

• pārṣṇi – heel, rear, back part
  noun (feminine)
• sārathi – charioteer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to two charioteers who stand behind the principal charioteer, typically for protection.